Air Pollution and Ecosystems

Opening Session.- Vize-Präsident der Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften, Belgium.- Vice-President of the Commission of the European Communities, Belgium.- Vice-Président de la Commission des Communautés Européennes, Belgique.- Ministre délégué, chargé de l’Environnement.- Direction de l’Espace Rural et de la Forêt du Ministère de l’Agriculture.- Key Notes Speeches.- Ecosystems and their response to airborne chemicals : the current situation in North America and Europe.- Overview of the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.- Session I — Pollution Climates in Europe ; Deposition in Ecosystems.- Report on the session.- Les climats de pollution en Europe : caractérisation et classification.- Deposition of pollutants on plants and soils ; principles and pathways.- Critical loads for sulphur and nitrogen.- Regional ozone concentrations in Europe.- Session II — Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops.- Report on the session.- Etat des connaissances sur l’impact des polluants de l’air sur les productions agricoles et approches méthodologiques.- Interactions between air pollutants and other limiting factors.- Effects of ozone in ambient air on growth, yield and physiological parameters of spring wheat.- Effects of atmospheric pollutants on grassland ecosystems.- Airborne pollutant injury to vegetation in Greece.- Is plant resistance to air pollution related to plant resistance towards disease ?.- Session III — Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Trees and Forest Ecosystems.- I.- Report on the session.- Impact of air pollutants on above-ground plant parts of forest trees.- Direct effects of dry and wet deposition on forest ecosystems - in particular canopy interactions.- Tree responses to acid depositions into the soil. A summary of the COST workshop at Jülich 1985.- Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Stoffauswaschung aus Baumkronen durch Saure Beregnung.- Effect of artificial rain on soil chemical properties and forest growth.- Effects of sulphur dioxide on forest litter decomposition and nutrient release.- Les recherches sur le déperissement des forêts en France: structure et principaux résultats du programme DEFORPA.- II.- Report on the session.- Note de synthèse sur les trois tournées en forêt effectuées le 20 mai 1987.- Recent developments in the diagnosis and quantification of forest decline.- Effects of H2O2 -containing acidic fog on young trees.- Effect of acidic mist on nutrient leaching, carbohydrate status and damage symptoms of Picea abies.- III.- Report on the session.- Methodological approaches : Part I : Experiments with open-top chambers : results, advantages and limitations.- Methodological aspects of the fumigation of forest trees with gaseous pollutants using closed chambers.- The methodology of open-field fumigation.- Session IV — Effects of Air Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystems.- Report on the session.- Acid deposition and surface water acidification : the use of lake sediments.- Acidification and ecophysiology of freshwater animals.- Reversibility of acidification.- Session V — Preventive and Curative Measures.- Report on the session Part 1 : Preventive and curative measures for terrestrials ecosystems, in particular forests.- Moyens préventifs et curatifs de lutte contre la pollution dans les ecosystèmes terrestres, en particulier les forêts.- Fertilization as a tool to remove “New type” forest damages.- Judgement of the applicability of liming to restabilise forest stands - with special consideration of root ecological aspects.- The effects of land management on acidification of aquatic ecosystems and the implications for the development of ameliorative measures.- Practical preventive and curative measures for aquatic ecosystems.- Poster Session.- Theme I — Pollution Climates in Europe ; Deposition in Ecosystems.- Caractérisation de l’environnement atmosphérique en zone forestière. Station Laboratoire du Donon.- Kleinräumige Verteilungsmuster der Stoffdeposition in naturnahen Waldökosystemen.- Spatial distribution of wet and dry sulphur deposition in the United Kingdom.- The mont Lozere catchments : an observatory of the atmospheric pollution background level.- Palynologische und forstgeschichtliche Aspekte zur Versauerungsgeschichte von Schwarzwaldseen.- The pollution climate of the Fichtelgebirge, Northern Bavaria.- Relief effects on the deposition of air pollutants in forest stands - lead deposition as an example.- Atmospheric deposition on semi-natural grassland vegetation.- Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in a forest next to an intensively used agricultural area.- Product analysis of the chemical/photochemical conversion of monoterpenes with airborne pollutants (O3/NO2).- Atmospheric inputs of cadmium to an arable agricultural system.- Etude du déperissement forestier en Belgique. Premier Bilan d’une année de récolte des précipitations à la station pilote de Vielsalm.- Atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Northern Europe measured by moss analyses.- Cryptogamic epiphytes as indicators of air quality investigative methods and results from four selected areas in Portugal.- Reaction and effect measurements in Bavaria with regard to forest damages.- Theme II — Diagnosis.- Adenine and pyridine nucleotides, and carbohydrates in healthy and deceased needles : alterations in relation to vegetation period (May to October 1985) and needle age (1979 to 1985).- Possible use of chlorophyll fluorescence in early detection of forest damages : influence of different criteria.- Fluorescence as a means of diagnosing the effect of pollutant induced stress in plants.- Rapid fingerprinting of damaged and undamaged conifer needles by soft ionization mass spectrometry and pattern recognition.- Comparative investigation on the nutrient composition of healthy and injured spruces of different locations.- Early diagnosis of forest decline - a pilot study.- Theme III — Effects of Air Pollution Acting on Above-Ground Parts of Plants and Ecosystems.- Estimation of the plant-related resistances determining the ozone flux to broad bean plants (vicia faba var metissa), after long-term exposure to ozone in an open top chamber.- Sulfur containing air pollutants and their effects on plant metabolism.- Analyse des mécanismes de transfert des particules à travers l’appareil stomatique.- Open-top chamber studies to assess the effects of sulphur dioxide and acid rain, singly or in combination, on agricultural plants.- Ozone sensitivity of open-top chamber grown cultivars of spring wheat and spring rape.- Effects of ambient air pollution on crop species in and around London.- Effects of ozone and calcium nutrition on native plant species.- Secondary effects of photochemical oxidants on cereals : alterations in susceptibility to fungal leaf diseases.- Combined effects of ozone and acid mist on tree seedlings.- Does exhaust air from motorway tunnels affect the surrounding vegetation ?.- Rôle de la cuticule des plantes dans le transfert des xenobiotiques dans 1’environnement.- Pollution atmosphérique et métabolisme respiratoire de l’épicea.- Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Wachsmorphologie an Nadeln von Klonfichten und Altfichten.- Dépérissement forestier et précipitations acides dans les Pyrénées centrales.- Indirect effects of acid mist upon the rhizosphere and the leaves’ buffering capacity of beech seedlings.- Recherches sur les causes du dépérissement des forêts. Mise en place de tests d’exclusion au col du Donon (Vosges - France).- Effets des “pluies acides” sur les cuticules et les surfaces foliaires.- Diffusions/Reaktionsmodell für SO2 am Blattpfad.- Effets d’une pollution de l’atmosphère par l’Ozone et le Dioxyde de Soufre sur la croissance, la conductance stomatique et la teneur en composés phénoliques de 3 clones d’épicéas en chambre à ciel ouvert.- Effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur le système sécréteur et la composition terpenique des aiguilles de picea abies.- Direct effects of acid wet deposition on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and growth of populus CV. Beaupre.- The uptake of atmospheric ammonia by leaves.- Investigating effects of air pollution by measuring the waterflow velocity in trees.- Untersuchungen zum Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel an Fichte (picea Abies Karst.) Aus Klimakammerexperimenten und aus geschädigten Waldbeständen.- Comparative investigations on the photosynthetic electron transport chain of spruce (picea abies) with different degrees of damage in the open air.- Some effects of low levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on the control of water-loss by Betula spp.- Deposition of heavy metals and their distribution on needles and bark.- Ammonia and pine tree dieback in Belgium.- The effects of acid mist on conifer aphids and their implications for tree health.- Lichen and conifer recolonization in Munich’s cleaner air.- Theme IV — Fate of Air Pollutants in Soil. Effects on Soils and Consequences for Plants.- Long-term changes in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of agricultural soils.- Mobilisation du fluor par acidolyse des sols.- Apports atmosphériques et acidification des solutions de sol dans une forêt déperissante des Vosges (Est de la France).- A six year nutrient budget in a coniferous watershed under atmospheric pollution.- A mathematical model for acidification and neutralization of soil profiles exposed to acid deposition.- Le bassin versant du Strengbach à Aubure (Haut-Rhin, France) pour l’étude du dépérissement forestier dans les Vosges (programme DEFORPA): I - Equipement climatique, hydrologique, hydrochimique.- Le bassin versant du Strengbach à Aubure (Haut-Rhin, France) pour l’étude du dépérissement forestier dans les Vosges (programme DEFORPA) II - Influence des précipitations acides sur la chimie des eaux de surface.- Fate of mineral nitrogen in acid heathland and forest soils.- The effect of atmospheric deposition, especially of nitrogen, on grassland and woodland at Rothamsted experimental station, England, measured over more than 100 years.- Effects of ammonia deposition on animal-mediated nitrogen mineralization and acidity in coniferous forest soils in The Netherlands.- Investigations on the telluric microbiological features of forest dieback in Vosges.- The influence of acid rain on mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizas of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menzies II) in The Netherlands.- Lead contents and distribution in spruce roots.- “New type” of forest decline, nutrient deficiencies and the “Virus”-Hypothesis.- Effects of airborne ammonium on natural vegetation and forests.- Acid rain studies in the Fichtelgebirge (NE-Bavaria).- Contribution 1 : Acidification research on Douglas fir forests in The Netherlands (Aciforn project).- Contribution 2 : Monitoring of root growth.- Contribution 3 : Monitoring of hydrological processes under Douglas fir.- Contribution 4 : Monitoring soil chemical parameters under Douglas fir.- Contribution 5 : Air pollution monitoring in a Douglas fir forest.- Contribution 6 : Influence of air pollution on tree physiology.- The influence of acid rain on fine root distribution and nutrition.- Function of forest ecosystems under the stress of air pollution.- Carbon assimilation and nutrition of trees in two Picea abies (L.) Karst. stands in Bavaria exhibiting apparent decline differences.- Forest ecosystems research network FERN.- Theme V — Effects of Air Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystems.- Historical development and extent of acidification of shallow soft waters in The Netherlands.- Acidification of freshwaters in the Vosges mountains (Eastern France).- Mercury pollution in Swedish woodland lakes.- Effects of hydrology on the reacidification of the limed lake Gardsjön.- pH changes over two centuries in three Dutch moorland pools.- Documentation of areas potentially inclined to water acidification in the Federal Republic of Germany.- Internal or external toxicity of aluminium in fish exposed to acid water.- Closing Session — General Conclusions and Recommendations.- Conclusions générales.- Summing up of the symposium.- General conclusions and thanks.- Index of Authors.