Mechanisms of Oncogenesis

Thisvolumeisacontinuationoftheencyclopedicworkentitled“CancerGrowthand Progression,”thatwasoriginallyeditedbyProfessorHansE. Kaiser. Asatributeto thememoryofDr. Kaiserandhiscontributionstothe eld,thisneweditionisf- lowinghisexampleofprovidingthemostcurrentinformationaboutcancerliterature andcomprehensivecoverageofallaspectsoftumorgrowthandprogression. Thisparticulartomeisdividedintotwosections:the rstaddressinggeneralcauses ofoncogenesissuchasenvironmentalfactorsandtumormechanisms;andthesecond addressingtheoncogenicmechanismsoftumorinspeci corgans. Thisbookiswr- tenandcompiledbyworldrenownedleadersintheirrespective eldsandfocuseson themostrecentdevelopmentsinbasiconcogenesis. Thisde nitivetextwillprovide thepractitioner,whetherinresearch,academiaorclinicalpractice,withafountof easilyaccessibleinformationonthemostcommontumors. v Contents 1 Cytokines and Stressors: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy 1 AlexanderW. KusnecovandHymieAnisman 2 The Role of Oncogene Activation in Tumor Progression. . . . . . . 19 MichaelJ. GrayandGaryE. Gallick 3 Carcinogenic Effects of Ionising Radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 ArthurC. Upton 4 Chemical Carcinogenesis Role of Chloroform – Further Studies. . 63 ElizabethK. Weisburger 5 Use of Organ Explant and Cell Culture in Cancer Research . . . . 71 EricJ. Kort,ChristineR. Moore,EricA. Hudson, BrandonLeeser,JamesH. Resau,G. M. Yerushalmi, R. Leibowitz-Amit,GaliaTsarfaty,IlanTsarfaty,andSharonMoskovitz 6 Chromosomal Abnormalities in Selected Hematopoietic Malignancies Detected by Conventional and Molecular Cytogenetics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Signi cance. . . . . . . . 89 HonFongL. Mark,SusanaC. Raimondi,andRobertSokolic 7 Mechanisms of Cancer Growth and Progression in Lymphoma. . . 115 MojdehNaghashpourandLynnC. Moscinski 8 Pediatric Cancer Mechanisms of Cancer Growth and Progression . 129 EnidGilbert-BarnessandPawiniKhanna 9 Carcinogenetic Pathway of Malignant Melanoma . . . . . . . . . . 149 KennethB. CalderandMichaelB. Morgan 10 Ewing Sarcoma: Molecular Characterization and Potential Molecular Therapeutic Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 MarilynM. BuiandPaulJ. Zhang 11 Molecular Mechanisms of Central Nervous System Metastasis. . . 167 NicoleD. Riddle,MumtazVRojiani,StevenBrem, andAmynM. Rojiani 12 Carcinogenesis of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 DahuiQin vii viii Contents 13 Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer – Clinicopathologic Associations and Molecular Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 GezaAcsandMichaelJ. Wagoner 14 Carcinogenesis of Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 JeffreyAufmanandFarahKhalil 15 Genesis of Barrett’s Neoplasia: Current Concepts. . . . . . . . . . 213 DomenicoCoppola,NellyA. Nasir,andLeslieTurner 16 Genesis of Pancreatic Ductal Neoplasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 BarbaraA. CentenoandGregoryM. Springett 17 Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 OmieMills,NellyA. Nasir,JonathanR. Strosberg, LarryK.