Part 1: The clinical challenge Chapter 1: Clinical vascular growth factor therapy for neovascularization in patients with coronary artery disease by Jens Kastrup Chapter 2: The strengths and weaknesses of VEGF adenovirus-driven angiogenesis by Petra Korpisalo, Tuomas Rissanen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala Chapter 3: Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in diabetes mellitus: Signal transduction defects as the molecular basis of vascular cell dysfunction by Vadim Tchaikovski, Johannes Waltenberger Chapter 4: Endothelial activation and enointimal hyperplasia: A double edged sword by Rohit Khurana, Michael Simons Part 2: Novel mechanical and molecular concepts Chapter 5: Pampering and priming the heart by Mark Post, Roberte Cornelussen and Fritz Prinzen Chapter 6: Coronary venous retroinfusion: a novel venue of regional induction of neovascularization by Peter Boekstegers and Christian Kupatt Chapter 7: Integrative Pro-angiogenic Activation: HIF-1a by Karen Vincent and Ralph Kelly Chapter 8: The maturation of vessels – a limitation to forced neovascularization? by Andrea Banfi, Philipp Fueglistaler and Roberto Gianni-Barrera Chapter 9: Vascular and neuronal development: intersecting parallelisms and crossroads by Serena Zacchigna, Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar, Peggy Lafuste and Peter Carmeliet Chapter 10: Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides modulate angiogenesis by Rembert Koczulla and Robert Bals Part 3: Cell therapy as an option Chapter 11: The biology of embryonic and adult endothelial progenitor cells by Mathias Lamparter and Antonis Hatzopoulos Chapter 12: Signaling behind progenitor cell mobilization: focus on eNOS and caveolin by Olivier Feron Chapter 13: The role of monocytes/macrophages and vascular resident precursorcells in collateral growth by Wulf Ito