Pancreatic Beta Cell and Insulin Biosynthesis.- Architecture of Pancreatic Islets.- Transcriptional Regulation of Insulin Gene Expression.- The Biosynthesis of Insulin.- Cell Signaling and Insulin Secretion.- Metabolic Regulation of Insulin Secretion.- Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Death in Diabetes.- Ion Channels and Insulin Secretion.- Gap Junctions and Insulin Secretion.- Protein Kinase A-Independent Mechanism of cAMP in Insulin Secretion.- Regulation of Insulin Granule Exocytosis.- Mechanism of Insulin Exocytosis Analyzed by Imaging Techniques.- Two-Photon Excitation Imaging of Insulin Exocytosis.- Pancreatic Development and Beta-Cell Formation.- Regulation of Beta-Cell Growth and Death.- Beta-Cell Replication.- Stem Cells as a Cure for Diabetes.- Use of Extra-Pancreatic Tissues for Cell Replacement Therapy for Diabetes.- Incretins and Beta-Cell Function.- Molecular Biology of Gluco-Incretin Function.- Incretins and Regulation of Insulin Secretion.- Pancreatic Beta Cell and Disease.- Pancreatic Islet Pathology in Type 2 Diabetes.- Genetic Disorders of the Pancreatic Beta Cell and Diabetes (Permanent Neonatal Diabetes and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young).- ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Health and Disease.- Glucokinase in Glucose Homeostasis, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypoglycemia, and as Drug Receptor.