Direct Democracy in Europe

System contexts and system effects of direct democracy - direct democracy in Liechtenstein and Switzerland compared.- Direct-democratic procedures as corrective mechanisms in consociational systems or for clientelistic structures—some brief remarks.- A Double Integration Policy Divide: Votes and Interest Group Recommendations in Switzerland.- Direct Democracy and Theories of Participatory Democracy—some observations.- The design determines the quality — some criteria for determining the design and the quality of direct democracy.- Reflections on the social production of incompetent citizens.- The role of the political elite in Swiss direct-democratic votes.- Beyond Information and Opinion. The importance of public communication in the referendum process.- On the economic efficiency of direct democracy.- Direct Democracy and Citizens’ Information about Politics.- Prospects for Transnational Direct Democracy—Exploring the New European Approach to Citizens’ Power beyond the Nation-State.- Voting Behaviour in the European Constitution Process.- Referendums and Ratification of the EU Constitution.- Referendum experience in Slovakia: a long and winding road.- Prospects for Participatory Democracy in the Supranational Constitutionalism of the European Union.- Databases for (empirical) research on “direct democracy”.