Archaeology of Uplands on a Mediterranean Island

<p>1 Introduction </p><p>1.1 The Madonie mountains: a geographical introduction </p><p>1.2 History of previous archaeological research </p><p>1.2.1 The researches by Francesco Minà Palumbo and Marquis Antoine De Gregorio </p><p>1.2.2 Discovering the antiquity of the human presence on the Madonie Mounts: the “Chiusilla” and “Fico” Caves</p><p>1.2.3 Re-discovering the antiquity of the human presence on the Madonie Mountains in the “Vecchiuzzo” Cave</p><p>1.2.4 Re-discovering the antiquity of the human presence on the Madonie Mountains in the “Abisso del Vento”: a new inspection</p><p>1.3 The archeology of the Madonie in the museums </p><p>1.3.1 Museo Minà Palumbo in Castelbuono </p><p>1.3.2 Museo Civico Baldassare Romano in Termini Imerese </p><p>1.3.3 Museo Antonino Collisani in Petralia Sottana </p>1.4 The paleoecological framework <p></p><p>1.4.1 The coastal ecozones </p><p>1.4.2 The mountainous environments </p><p>References </p><p><br></p><p>2. Methods </p><p>2.1. Probabilistic Survey: the sampling design </p><p>2.1.1 Stratified samples </p><p>2.1.2 Sample areas: a brief description of physical features and natural environment </p><p>2.1.3 The systematic survey within sample areas </p><p>2.1.4 Prospection by focused inspections: a “targeted survey” </p><p>2.2 The archival research </p><p>2.2.1 Historic Cartography </p><p>2.2.2 Current cartography </p><p>2.2.3 Toponymy </p><p>2.3 GPS and GIS </p><p>2.3.1 GPS and mobile GIS </p>2.3.2 GIS <p></p><p>2.4 The paleoenvironmental reconstruction </p><p>2.5 The excavation of a key site – Vallone Inferno </p><p>References </p><p>3 The Madonie: highlands in Sicily </p><p>3.1 Results of the field survey within sample areas </p><p>3.2 The Archaeological map </p><p>3.2.1 SAMPLE AREA 1 - Carbonara environment (ROE IV) </p>3.2.1.1 UT 24 - Battaglietta - open air settlement <p></p><p>3.2.1.2 UT 7 - Monte Ferro - lithic scatter </p><p>3.2.1.3 UT 8 - Monte Ferro - sporadic </p><p>3.2.1.4 UT 25 - Zottafonda fences - open air site and coal places </p><p>3.2.2 SAMPLE AREA 2 - Monte dei Cervi (ROE IV) </p><p>3.2.2.1 UT 9 - Piano Battaglia – Sporadic finds </p><p>3.2.2.2 UT 6 - Monte dei Cervi – Sporadic finds </p><p>3.2.2.3 UT 43 - Cozzo Cerasa - lithic scatter next rock shelter </p><p>3.2.2.4 UT 39 - Case di Mastro Peppino - open air site </p><p>3.2.2.5 UT 30 - Valle Nipitalva - Lithic scatter </p><p>3.2.2.6 UT 108 - Valle Nipitalva - Lithic scatter</p><p>3.2.2.7 UT 110 - Valle Nipitalva - Lithic scatter </p><p>3.2.2.8 UT 104 P.lla Colla, Quacella - open air site </p><p>3.2.3 SAMPLE AREA 3 - Isnello valley (ROE II) </p><p>3.2.3.1 UT 10 - C.da e casa Mongerrati - potsherd scatter area </p><p>3.2.3.2 UT 1 and 2 - C.da San Nicola – potsherds scatter area </p><p>3.2.3.3 UT 4 - C.da San Nicola - open air settlement </p><p>3.2.3.4 UT 14 - Abisso del Vento at Cozzo Balatelli - ritual and funerary cave contexts </p><p>3.2.3.5 UT 15 - C.da Farchio - sporadic lithic scatter </p><p>3.2.3.6 UT 12 - Monte Balatelli - Potsherds dispersion area </p><p>3.2.3.7 UT 72 - C.da Gallefina - Burial cave </p><p>3.2.3.8 UT 16 - C.da Aculeia - natural cave and sporadic lithics </p><p>3.2.3.9 UT 11 and 54 - C.da San Giovanni - Potsherds scatter area </p><p>3.2.4 SAMPLE AREA 4 – Imera river valley – right bank (ROE II) </p><p>3.2.4.1 UT 47 - Vallone Inferno - open air site (rock shelter) </p><p>3.2.4.2 UT 53 - C.da Cava - Potsherds scatter area </p><p>3.2.4.3 UT 56 - Borgo Eras C - open air site </p><p>3.2.4.4 UT 57 - Borgo Eras C - open air site </p><p>3.2.4.5 UT 51 - 52 - C.da Cava - sporadic and potsherds scatter area </p><p>3.2.4.6 UT 58 - Acqua Cannata - settlement </p>3.2.4.7 UT 59 - Acqua Cannata – Sporadic finds <p></p><p>3.2.4.8 UT 60 - Timpa dei Filici - Rock shelter </p><p>3.2.4.9 UT 61 - Portella di Mare - Settlement </p><p>3.2.4.10 UT 64 - Portella di Mare – Settlement </p><p>3.2.4.11 UT 66 - Il Boschetto - Potsherds scattered area </p><p>3.2.5 SAMPLE AREA 5 - S. Venera (ROE III) </p><p>3.2.5.1 UT 101 - C.da Salvatore, Costa Giulfaria - Scattered potsherds area </p><p>3.2.5.2 UT 102 - C.da Salvatore, Costa Giulfaria - rock shelter </p><p>3.2.5.3 UT 103 - C.da Salvatore, Costa Giulfaria – sporadic finds </p><p>3.2.5.4 UT 106 and 107 - San Nicola - open air site (settlement)</p><p>3.2.6 SAMPLE AREA 6 – P.lla Mandarini and V.ne Canna (ROE III) </p><p>3.2.6.1 UT 45 - Vallone Canna - cave </p><p>References </p><br><p></p><p>4 Targeted survey </p><p>4.1 Sample selection </p><p>4.1.1 UT 76 – C.da Giancaniglia – Marine terrace </p><p>4.1.2 UT 19-20-21-22 – Capraria – Marine terrace (section) </p><p>4.1.3 UT 28 – Bommartino – Cave (ritual use/burials) </p><p>4.1.4 UT 80 – Rocca del Drago – Site </p><p>4.1.5 UT 202 – Rocca San Nicola – Site </p><p>4.1.6 UT 200 – Solfara – Alia </p><p>4.1.7 UT 40 and 41 – San Focà – Scattered potsherds area </p><p>References </p><p>5 The GIS platform and the Spatial analyses. </p><p>5.1 GIS planning and development </p><p>5.1.1 Which route? Hunter-gatherer mobility strategy: a seasonal approach from coast to highlands </p><p>5.1.2 Pastoral paths and the herding world: the routes of the shepherds from prehistory to the colonial period</p><p>5.1.3 Toward the modern world: from Late Roman to Medieval settlement, discovering the ancient trails </p>References <p></p><p>6 Chapter 6 </p><p>Conclusions and research perspectives </p><p>6.1 Late Pleistocene – Early Holocene </p><p>6.2 Neolithic herding world and settlement strategies </p><p>6.3 Sharing the mountains between III and II millennium B.C.</p><p>6.4 “Who are the mountains?”</p><p>Between indigenous and Hellenic peopling of the Madonie system</p><p>6.5 Late Antiquity and Medieval period.</p>The emergence of hierarchy<p></p><p>6.6 Research perspectives</p><p>6.7 General considerations about the research project</p><p>References </p><p><br></p>

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