B Schrefler
John Wiley & Sons
e druk, 2010
9781848211667
Environmental Geomechanics
Specificaties
Gebonden, 532 blz.
|
Engels
John Wiley & Sons |
e druk, 2010
ISBN13: 9781848211667
Rubricering
Onderdeel van serie
ISTE
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 16 werkdagen
Samenvatting
This book covers a range of topics that are of increasing importance in engineering practice: natural hazards, pollution, and environmental protection through good practice.
The first half of the book deals with natural risk factors, of both natural and human origin, that should be considered: subsidence, accidental infiltration, soil instability, rockslides and mudslides, debris flow, and degradation of buildings and monuments due to pollution and climactic effects, for example. These problems are highlighted and it is shown that a combination of sophisticated numerical techniques and extensive experimental investigations are necessary in order to effectively tackle these problems.
The second half of the book is devoted to the use of polluted sites and associated problems, a topic of growing significance given the increasing reclamation of land from abandoned industrial sites for urban development over the last 20 years. Different types of oil pollution and decontamination methods are described, followed by a discussion of waste management and detailed coverage of confinement liners used in surface waste disposal.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9781848211667
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:gebonden
Aantal pagina's:532
Uitgever:John Wiley & Sons
Serie:ISTE
Inhoudsopgave
<p>Introduction xiii</p>
<p>Chapter 1. Debris Flows 1<br /> Christophe ANCEY</p>
<p>1.1. Introduction 1</p>
<p>1.2. Typology of torrential flows 2</p>
<p>1.3. Initiation, motion and effects of debris flows 6</p>
<p>1.4. Modeling debris flows 12</p>
<p>1.5. Bibliography 30</p>
<p>Chapter 2. Snow Avalanches 39<br /> Christophe ANCEY</p>
<p>2.1. Introduction 39</p>
<p>2.2. Modeling avalanches 45</p>
<p>2.3. Bibliography 65</p>
<p>Chapter 3. Instability of Soil Masses 73<br /> Laurent VULLIET</p>
<p>3.1. Introduction 73</p>
<p>3.2. Slowly moving slopes 75</p>
<p>3.3. Limit state analysis 78</p>
<p>3.4. Case of non–saturated masses 84</p>
<p>3.5. Conclusion and prospects 90</p>
<p>3.6. Bibliography 91</p>
<p>Chapter 4. Instability of Rock Masses 93<br /> François DESCOEUDRES</p>
<p>4.1. Introduction 93</p>
<p>4.2. Cliff stability and toppling 94</p>
<p>4.3. Contact–impact 99</p>
<p>4.4. Flight trajectory 101</p>
<p>4.5. Sliding and rolling 103</p>
<p>4.6. Impact on an embankment (safety embankment) 107</p>
<p>4.7. Capacity of the protective structures 111</p>
<p>4.8. Conclusion 114</p>
<p>4.9. Bibliography 114</p>
<p>Chapter 5. Subsidence Phenomena 117<br /> Bernhard SCHREFLER and Luciano SIMONI</p>
<p>5.1. Subsidence caused by water withdrawal 117</p>
<p>5.2. Artificially–induced land uplift 141</p>
<p>5.3. Conclusions 146</p>
<p>5.4. Bibliography 147</p>
<p>Chapter 6. Soil Collapse due to Water Infiltration 149<br /> Yu–Jun CUI and Pierre DELAGE</p>
<p>6.1. Introduction 149</p>
<p>6.2. The loess in Northern France 151</p>
<p>6.3. Conclusion 165</p>
<p>6.4. Bibliography 167</p>
<p>Chapter 7. Subsidence Induced by Fossil Fuel Extraction 171<br /> Christian SCHROEDER, Yu–Jun CUI and Bernhard SCHREFLER</p>
<p>7.1. Introduction 171</p>
<p>7.2. Subsidence due to coal extraction 172</p>
<p>7.3. Recap of the basic Barcelona mode1 176</p>
<p>7.4. Subsidence due to oil exploitation 179</p>
<p>7.5. Subsidence due to the exploitation of gas reservoirs 185</p>
<p>7.6. Acknowledgements 197</p>
<p>7.7. Bibliography 197</p>
<p>Chapter 8. Deterioration of Stone in Monuments 201<br /> Véronique VERGÈS–BELMIN</p>
<p>8.1. Introduction 201</p>
<p>8.2. Intrinsic degradation factors 202</p>
<p>8.3. Extrinsic degradation factors 214</p>
<p>8.4. Acknowledgements 240</p>
<p>8.5. Bibliography 240</p>
<p>Chapter 9. The Physics of Water Transfer in Stone 247<br /> Jean–Paul LAURENT</p>
<p>9.1. General concepts and terminology 247</p>
<p>9.2. Water in stones: capillarity 250</p>
<p>9.3. Modeling water transfer in stone 263</p>
<p>9.4. Bibliography 271</p>
<p>Chapter 10. Experimental Techniques for Characterizing Alterations 275<br /> Claude BRUNJAIL, Guy BASTIAN, Grégoire CHÉNÉ and Véronique VERGÈS–BELMIN. Updated by Philippe BROMBLET</p>
<p>10.1. Laboratory and in situ testing 275</p>
<p>10.2. Hydric and thermal transfers: specific techniques 296</p>
<p>10.3. Bibliography 303</p>
<p>Chapter 11. Case Studies 313<br /> Jean GODIN, Claude BRUNJAIL, Véronique VERGÈS–BELMIN and Ann BOURGÈS</p>
<p>11.1. Notre–Dame–la–Grande Church in Poitiers, in situ study 313</p>
<p>11.2. Research on earthen plaster stabilized with bitumen and polychrome decoration: Navrongo<br /> cathedral, North Ghana 321</p>
<p>11.3. Bibliography 330</p>
<p>Chapter 12. The Nature and Survey of Soil Pollution 333<br /> Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Pierre DELAGE and Michel WOJNAROWICZ</p>
<p>12.1. Introduction 333</p>
<p>12.2. The nature of soil pollution 334</p>
<p>12.3. The survey of contaminated sites 339</p>
<p>12.4. Conclusions 356</p>
<p>12.5. Bibliography 357</p>
<p>Chapter 13. Retention and Transfer of Soluble Chemical Pollutants: Mechanisms and Numerical<br /> Modeling 361<br /> Robert CHARLIER and Jean–Pol RADU</p>
<p>13.1. Introduction 361</p>
<p>13.2. Ideal pollutant transport in an ideal continuous medium 362</p>
<p>13.3. Pollutant retention phenomena 366</p>
<p>13.4. Balance equations 369</p>
<p>13.5. Numerical modeling of transport by advection 371</p>
<p>13.6. Finite elements modeling of the problem with advection and diffusion 372</p>
<p>13.7. Examples and applications 380</p>
<p>13.8. Conclusions 388</p>
<p>13.9. Acknowledgments 388</p>
<p>13.10. Bibliography 389</p>
<p>13.11. Notations table 390</p>
<p>Chapter 14. Retention and Transfer of Pollution by Hydrocarbons: Mechanisms and Numerical Modeling 393<br /> Bernhard SCHREFLER and Pierre DELAGE</p>
<p>14.1. Introduction 393</p>
<p>14.2. Mechanisms 393</p>
<p>14.3. Numerical modeling 398</p>
<p>14.4. Conclusion 415</p>
<p>14.5. Bibliography 416</p>
<p>Chapter 15. Methods of Soil Environmental Remediation 419<br /> Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Michel WOJNAROWICZ and Mario MANASSERO</p>
<p>15.1. Introduction 419</p>
<p>15.2. Pollution control techniques 420</p>
<p>15.3. Active containment in situ 423</p>
<p>15.4. Passive treatment in situ 425</p>
<p>15.5. Active treatment in situ 429</p>
<p>15.6. Conclusions 453</p>
<p>15.7. Bibliography 454</p>
<p>Chapter 16. Liners for Waste Containment Facilities 459<br /> Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Michel WOJNAROWICZ and Mario MANASSERO</p>
<p>16.1. Introduction 459</p>
<p>16.2. Types of lining systems and definition of basic components 462</p>
<p>16.3. Mass balance of the contaminants 464</p>
<p>16.4. Functions, performance and modeling 465</p>
<p>16.5. Environmental impact evaluation (risk analysis) 466</p>
<p>16.6. Bottom barriers 469</p>
<p>16.7. Equivalence of liner systems 481</p>
<p>16.8. Composite liners 491</p>
<p>16.9. Conclusions 501</p>
<p>16.10. Bibliography 502</p>
<p>List of Authors 509</p>
<p>Index 513</p>
<p>Chapter 1. Debris Flows 1<br /> Christophe ANCEY</p>
<p>1.1. Introduction 1</p>
<p>1.2. Typology of torrential flows 2</p>
<p>1.3. Initiation, motion and effects of debris flows 6</p>
<p>1.4. Modeling debris flows 12</p>
<p>1.5. Bibliography 30</p>
<p>Chapter 2. Snow Avalanches 39<br /> Christophe ANCEY</p>
<p>2.1. Introduction 39</p>
<p>2.2. Modeling avalanches 45</p>
<p>2.3. Bibliography 65</p>
<p>Chapter 3. Instability of Soil Masses 73<br /> Laurent VULLIET</p>
<p>3.1. Introduction 73</p>
<p>3.2. Slowly moving slopes 75</p>
<p>3.3. Limit state analysis 78</p>
<p>3.4. Case of non–saturated masses 84</p>
<p>3.5. Conclusion and prospects 90</p>
<p>3.6. Bibliography 91</p>
<p>Chapter 4. Instability of Rock Masses 93<br /> François DESCOEUDRES</p>
<p>4.1. Introduction 93</p>
<p>4.2. Cliff stability and toppling 94</p>
<p>4.3. Contact–impact 99</p>
<p>4.4. Flight trajectory 101</p>
<p>4.5. Sliding and rolling 103</p>
<p>4.6. Impact on an embankment (safety embankment) 107</p>
<p>4.7. Capacity of the protective structures 111</p>
<p>4.8. Conclusion 114</p>
<p>4.9. Bibliography 114</p>
<p>Chapter 5. Subsidence Phenomena 117<br /> Bernhard SCHREFLER and Luciano SIMONI</p>
<p>5.1. Subsidence caused by water withdrawal 117</p>
<p>5.2. Artificially–induced land uplift 141</p>
<p>5.3. Conclusions 146</p>
<p>5.4. Bibliography 147</p>
<p>Chapter 6. Soil Collapse due to Water Infiltration 149<br /> Yu–Jun CUI and Pierre DELAGE</p>
<p>6.1. Introduction 149</p>
<p>6.2. The loess in Northern France 151</p>
<p>6.3. Conclusion 165</p>
<p>6.4. Bibliography 167</p>
<p>Chapter 7. Subsidence Induced by Fossil Fuel Extraction 171<br /> Christian SCHROEDER, Yu–Jun CUI and Bernhard SCHREFLER</p>
<p>7.1. Introduction 171</p>
<p>7.2. Subsidence due to coal extraction 172</p>
<p>7.3. Recap of the basic Barcelona mode1 176</p>
<p>7.4. Subsidence due to oil exploitation 179</p>
<p>7.5. Subsidence due to the exploitation of gas reservoirs 185</p>
<p>7.6. Acknowledgements 197</p>
<p>7.7. Bibliography 197</p>
<p>Chapter 8. Deterioration of Stone in Monuments 201<br /> Véronique VERGÈS–BELMIN</p>
<p>8.1. Introduction 201</p>
<p>8.2. Intrinsic degradation factors 202</p>
<p>8.3. Extrinsic degradation factors 214</p>
<p>8.4. Acknowledgements 240</p>
<p>8.5. Bibliography 240</p>
<p>Chapter 9. The Physics of Water Transfer in Stone 247<br /> Jean–Paul LAURENT</p>
<p>9.1. General concepts and terminology 247</p>
<p>9.2. Water in stones: capillarity 250</p>
<p>9.3. Modeling water transfer in stone 263</p>
<p>9.4. Bibliography 271</p>
<p>Chapter 10. Experimental Techniques for Characterizing Alterations 275<br /> Claude BRUNJAIL, Guy BASTIAN, Grégoire CHÉNÉ and Véronique VERGÈS–BELMIN. Updated by Philippe BROMBLET</p>
<p>10.1. Laboratory and in situ testing 275</p>
<p>10.2. Hydric and thermal transfers: specific techniques 296</p>
<p>10.3. Bibliography 303</p>
<p>Chapter 11. Case Studies 313<br /> Jean GODIN, Claude BRUNJAIL, Véronique VERGÈS–BELMIN and Ann BOURGÈS</p>
<p>11.1. Notre–Dame–la–Grande Church in Poitiers, in situ study 313</p>
<p>11.2. Research on earthen plaster stabilized with bitumen and polychrome decoration: Navrongo<br /> cathedral, North Ghana 321</p>
<p>11.3. Bibliography 330</p>
<p>Chapter 12. The Nature and Survey of Soil Pollution 333<br /> Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Pierre DELAGE and Michel WOJNAROWICZ</p>
<p>12.1. Introduction 333</p>
<p>12.2. The nature of soil pollution 334</p>
<p>12.3. The survey of contaminated sites 339</p>
<p>12.4. Conclusions 356</p>
<p>12.5. Bibliography 357</p>
<p>Chapter 13. Retention and Transfer of Soluble Chemical Pollutants: Mechanisms and Numerical<br /> Modeling 361<br /> Robert CHARLIER and Jean–Pol RADU</p>
<p>13.1. Introduction 361</p>
<p>13.2. Ideal pollutant transport in an ideal continuous medium 362</p>
<p>13.3. Pollutant retention phenomena 366</p>
<p>13.4. Balance equations 369</p>
<p>13.5. Numerical modeling of transport by advection 371</p>
<p>13.6. Finite elements modeling of the problem with advection and diffusion 372</p>
<p>13.7. Examples and applications 380</p>
<p>13.8. Conclusions 388</p>
<p>13.9. Acknowledgments 388</p>
<p>13.10. Bibliography 389</p>
<p>13.11. Notations table 390</p>
<p>Chapter 14. Retention and Transfer of Pollution by Hydrocarbons: Mechanisms and Numerical Modeling 393<br /> Bernhard SCHREFLER and Pierre DELAGE</p>
<p>14.1. Introduction 393</p>
<p>14.2. Mechanisms 393</p>
<p>14.3. Numerical modeling 398</p>
<p>14.4. Conclusion 415</p>
<p>14.5. Bibliography 416</p>
<p>Chapter 15. Methods of Soil Environmental Remediation 419<br /> Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Michel WOJNAROWICZ and Mario MANASSERO</p>
<p>15.1. Introduction 419</p>
<p>15.2. Pollution control techniques 420</p>
<p>15.3. Active containment in situ 423</p>
<p>15.4. Passive treatment in situ 425</p>
<p>15.5. Active treatment in situ 429</p>
<p>15.6. Conclusions 453</p>
<p>15.7. Bibliography 454</p>
<p>Chapter 16. Liners for Waste Containment Facilities 459<br /> Abdelmalek BOUAZZA, Michel WOJNAROWICZ and Mario MANASSERO</p>
<p>16.1. Introduction 459</p>
<p>16.2. Types of lining systems and definition of basic components 462</p>
<p>16.3. Mass balance of the contaminants 464</p>
<p>16.4. Functions, performance and modeling 465</p>
<p>16.5. Environmental impact evaluation (risk analysis) 466</p>
<p>16.6. Bottom barriers 469</p>
<p>16.7. Equivalence of liner systems 481</p>
<p>16.8. Composite liners 491</p>
<p>16.9. Conclusions 501</p>
<p>16.10. Bibliography 502</p>
<p>List of Authors 509</p>
<p>Index 513</p>