Handbook of Neurotoxicology
Volume I
Samenvatting
Neurotoxicology is a broad and burgeoning field of research. Its growth in recent years can be related, in part, to increased interest in and concern with the fact that a growing number of anthropogenic agents with neurotoxic potential, including pesticides, lead, mercury, and the polytypic bypro ducts of combustion and industrial production, continue to be spewed into and accumulate in the environment. In addition, there is great interest in natural products, including toxins, as sources of therapeutic agents. Indeed, it is well known that many natural toxins of broadly differing structure, produced or accumulated for predatory or defensive purposes, and toxic agents, accumulated incidentally by numerous species, function to perturb nervous tissue. Components of some of these toxins have been shown to be useful therapeutic agents and/or research reagents. Unfor tunately, the environmental accumulation of some neurotoxic ants of anthropogenic ori gin, especially pesticides and metals, has resulted in incidents of human poisoning, some of epidemic proportion, and high levels of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, an increasing incidence of neurobehavioral disorders, some with baffling symptoms, is confronting clinicians. It is not clear whether this is merely the result of increased vigi lance and/or improved diagnostics or a consequence of improved health care. In any case, the role of exposure to environmental and occupational neurotoxic ants in the etiology of these phenomena, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, is coming under increasing scrutiny and investigation.
Specificaties
Inhoudsopgave
Marion Ehrich and Jeffrey R. Bloomquist, Section Editors
Subsection A. Anticholinesterase Insecticides
Acute Toxicities of Organophosphates and Carbamates
Janice E. Chambers and Russell L. Carr
Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neuropathy
Marion Ehrich and Bernard S. Jortner
Nonesterase Actions of Anticholinesterase Insecticides
Carey Pope and Jing Liu
Subsection B. Pesticides that Target Ion Channels
Agents Affecting Sodium Channels
David M. Soderlund
Agents Affecting Chloride Channels
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
The Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Larry P. Sheets
Subsection C. Miscellaneous Pesticides with Action on the Nervous System
Miscellaneous Pesticides with Action on the Nervous System
Dennis Blodgett, Marion Ehrich, and Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
II. Metals
Tomás R. Guilarte, Section Editor
Molecular Mechanisms of Low-Level Pb2+ Neurotoxicity
Michelle K. Nihei and Tomás R. Guilarte
Elucidation of the Zinc-Finger Motif as a Target for Heavy-Metal Perturbations
Nasser H. Zawia and Morad Razmiafshari
Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-CSF Barrier in Metal-Induced Neurotoxicities
Wei Zheng
Manganese in Health and Disease: From Transport to Neurotoxicity
Michael Aschner, James R. Connor, David C. Dorman, Elise A. Malecki, and Kent E. Vrana
Aluminum Neurotoxicity
Andrzej Szutowicz
III. Natural Toxins of Microbial Origin
David J. Adams and Daniel G. Baden, Section Editors
Ecology of Microbial Neurotoxins
Lyndon E. Llewellyn
Biosynthesis of Important Marine Toxins of Microorganism Origins
Yuzuru Shimizu
Biological Assay and Detection Methods for Marine 'Shellfish' Toxins
Neale R. Towers and Ian Garthwaite
An Overview of Clostridial Neurotoxins
MarkA. Poli and Frank J. Lebeda
Molecular Mechanism of Action of Botulinal Neurotoxins and the Synaptic Remodeling They Induce In Vivo at the Skeletal Neuromuscular Junction
Frédéric A. Meunier, Judit Herreros, Giampietro Schiavo, Bernard Poulain, and Jordi Molgó
Marine Mammals as Sentinels of Environmental Biotoxins
Vera L. Trainer
The Epidemiology of Human Illnesses Associated with Harmful Algal Blooms
Lora E. Fleming, Lorraine Backer, and Alan Rowan
IV. Natural Toxins of Animal Origin
Alan Harvey, Section Editor
Snake Neurotoxins that Interact with Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Denis Servent and André Ménez
Presynaptic Phospholipase A2 Neurotoxins from Snake Venoms
John B. Harris
Dendrotoxins from Mamba Snakes
J. Oliver Dolly and Giacinto Bagetta
Neurotoxins from Spider Venoms
Alfonso Grasso and Stefano Rufini
Neurotoxins from Scorpion Venoms
Marie-France Martin-Eauclaire
Anthozoan Neurotoxins
William R. Kem
Nemertine Neurotoxins
William R. Kem
Secretagogue Activity of Trachynilysin, a Neurotoxic Protein Isolated from Stonefish (Synanceia trachynis) Venom
Frédéric A. Meunier, Gilles Ouanounou, Cesar Mattei, Pascal Chameau, Cesare Colasante, Yuri A. Ushkaryov, J. Oliver Dolly, Arnold S. Kreger, and Jordi Molgó
Neurotoxins of Cone Snail Venoms
Robert Newcomb and George Miljanich