<div>Primary Endosymbioses: Emergence of the Primary Chloroplast and the Chromatophore, Two Independent Events.- Complex Endosymbioses I: From Primary to Complex Plastids, Multiple Independent Events.- Complex Endosymbiosis II: The Non-Photosynthetic Plastid of Apicomplexa Parasites (The Apicoplast) and Its Integrated Metabolism.- Diversity and Plasticity of Plastids in Land Plants.- The Main Functions of Plastids.- Plastid Transient and Stable Interactions with Other Cell Compartments.- Imaging Plastids in 2D and 3D: Confocal and Electron Microscopy.- Purification of Chloroplasts and Chloroplast Subfractions: Envelope, Thylakoids, and Stroma - From Spinach, Pea, and Arabidopsis thaliana.- Isolation of Inner and Outer Membranes of the Chloroplast Envelope from Spinach and Pea.- Purification of Non-Green Plastids (Proplastids and Amyloplasts) from Angiosperms, and Isolation of Their Envelope Membranes.- In Vitro Protein Import into Isolated Chloroplasts.- Analysis of the MTL Super-Complex at Contact Sites between Mitochondria and Plastids.- Isolation of Plastid-Fractions from the Diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum.- Isolating the Plasmodium falciparum Apicoplast using Magnetic Beads.- Extraction and Quantification of Lipids from Plant or Algae.- Quantitative Assessment of the Chloroplast Lipidome.- Determination of the DNA/RNA-Associated Sub-Proteome from Chloroplasts and Other Plastid Types.- Mapping Plastid Transcript Population by Circular Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction.- Bioinformatic Analysis of Chloroplast Gene Expression and RNA Post-Transcriptional Maturations using RNA Sequencing.- A Guide to the Chloroplast Transcriptome Analysis using RNA-Seq.- A Toolkit for the Characterization of the Photoprotective Capacity of Green Algae.- Rescue of Deletion Mutants to Isolate Plastid Transformants in Higher Plants.- Genetic Analysis of Chloroplast Biogenesis, and Function and Mutant Collections.- Generation of Mutants of Nuclear-Encoded Plastid Proteins Using CRISPR/Cas9 in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.- In Silico Tools for the Prediction of Protein Import into Secondary Plastids.- AT_CHLORO – The First Step When Looking for Information about Subplastidial Localization of Proteins.</div>
