The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life

<p>1</p><p>Noise and Marine Life: Progress From Nyborg to Cork in Science and Technology to Inform Decision Making</p><p>Brandon L. Southall</p><p>2</p><p>Listening Backward – Early Days of Marine Bioacoustics</p><p>William N. Tavolga</p><p>Section 2 – Sound Detection by Aquatic Animals</p><p>3</p><p>Effects of Underwater Noise on Marine Mammals</p><p>Christine Erbe</p><p>4</p><p>Psychophysical Studies of Auditory Masking in Marine Mammals: Key Concepts and New Directions</p><p>Colleen Reichmuth</p><p>5</p><p>On the Relationship Between Environmental Noise, Critical Ratios, and Comodulation Masking Release in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)</p><p>Brian K. Branstetter, Jennifer S. Trickey, and James J. Finneran</p><p>6</p><p>Direct Measurements of Subjective Loudness in a Bottlenose Dolphin</p><p>Carolyn E. Schlundt and James J. Finneran</p><p>7</p><p>High Auditory Time Resolution in Bottlenose Dolphins Is Effective Protection Against Reverberation</p><p>Gennadi Zaslavski</p><p>8</p><p>Frequency Selectivity in the Bottlenose Dolphin Auditory System</p><p>Gennadi Zaslavski</p><p>9</p><p>Auditory Brain Stem Responses Associated with Echolocation in an Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)</p><p>Songhai Li, Paul E. Nachtigall, and Marlee Breese</p><p>10</p><p>Hearing, Noise, and Echolocating Odontocetes</p><p>Paul E.Nachtigall, Alexander Y. Supin,  and Marlee Breese</p><p>11</p><p>Evoked Potential Audiometry in Aquatic Mammals</p><p>Alexander Y. Supin</p><p>12</p><p>Prediction of a Mysticete Audiogram via Finite Element Analysis of the Middle Ear</p><p>Andrew Tubelli, Aleks Zosuls, Darlene Ketten, and David C. Mountain</p><p>13</p><p>Reverse Engineering the Cetacean Ear to Extract Audiograms</p><p>Aleks Zosuls, Seth O. Newburg, Darlene R. Ketten, and David C. Mountain</p><p>14</p><p>Validation of a Vibroacoustic Finite Element Model Using Bottlenose Dolphin Experiments</p><p>Petr Krysl, Vanessa Trijoulet, and Ted W. Cranford</p><p>15</p><p>Acoustic Function in the Peripheral Auditory System of Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris)</p><p>Ted W. Cranford and Petr Krysl</p><p>16</p><p>Auditory Evoked Potential Measurement of Hearing Sensitivity in Pinnipeds</p><p>Jason Mulsow, Colleen Reichmuth, Dorian Houser, and James J. Finneran</p><p>17</p><p>Hearing in Birds: What Changes From Air to Water </p><p>Robert J. Dooling and Sara C. Therrien</p><p>18</p><p>Amphibious Hearing in Sea Turtles</p><p>Wendy E. Dow Piniak, David A. Mann, Scott A. Eckert, and Craig A. Harms</p><p>19</p><p>Hearing Capabilities of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) Throughout Ontogeny</p><p>Ashley L. Lavender, Soraya M. Bartol, and Ian K. Bartol</p><p>20</p><p>Are Sharks Even Bothered by a Noisy Environment?</p><p>Brandon M. Casper, Michele B. Halvorsen, and Arthur N. Popper</p><p>21</p><p>Optimal Auditory Sensitivity Under Variable Background Noise Conditions: A Theoretical Model</p><p>Marco Lugli</p><p>22</p><p>A Critical Reevaluation of the Role of Acoustic Pressure in Source Localization by Fish</p><p>Peter H. Rogers, James S. Martin, and John R. Bogle</p><p>23</p><p>Vibration of the Otoliths in a Teleost</p><p>Carl R. Schilt, Ted W. Cranford, Petr Krysl, Robert E. Shadwick, and Anthony D. Hawkins</p><p>24</p><p>Hearing Sensitivity of the Painted Goby, Pomatoschistus pictus</p><p>Marta Bolgan, Silvia S. Pedroso, Raquel O. Vasconcelos, Joana M. Jordão, M. Clara P. Amorim, and Paulo J. Fonseca</p><p>25</p><p>Acoustic Communication in Pomatoschistus spp.: A Comparison Between Closely Related Species</p><p>Silvia S. Pedroso, Marta Bolgan, Joana M. Jordão, Paulo J. Fonseca, and M. Clara P. Amorim</p><p>26</p><p>The Importance of Hearing for Survival of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) in an Experimental Predator/Prey Environment </p><p>Rikke Agner Jørgensen, Christian Brandt, Magnus Wahlberg, and Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard</p><p>27</p><p>Lateral Line Canal Morphology and Noise Reduction</p><p>Adrian T. Klein and Horst Bleckmann</p><p>28</p><p>Potential for Sound Sensitivity in Cephalopods </p><p>T. Aran Mooney, Roger Hanlon, Peter T. Madsen, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, Darlene R. Ketten, and Paul E. Nachtigall</p><p>29</p><p>Listening in Noise</p><p>Richard R. Fay</p><p>30</p><p>Discovery of Sound in the Sea: An On-line Resource</p><p>Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, Gail Scowcroft, James H. Miller, and Darlene Ketten</p><p>Section 3 - Sound Production by Aquatic Animals</p><p>31</p><p>Whistles of Bottlenose Dolphins: Group Repertoires and Geographic Variations in Brazilian Waters</p><p>Lisa S. Hoffmann, Elton Ferlin, Pedro F. Fruet, Rodrigo C. Genovês, Fernanda P. Valdez, Juliana Di Tullio, Glauco Caon, and Thales R. Freitas</p><p>32</p><p>Detection and Classification of Vocalizations for the Study of Marine Mammal Distributions in the Chukchi Sea</p><p>David Hannay</p><p>33</p><p>Acoustic Ecology and Behavior of Minke Whales in the Hawaiian and Marianas Islands: Localization, Abundance Estimation and Characterization of Minke Whale ”Boings”</p><p>Thomas Norris, Stephen Martin, Len Thomas, Tina Yack, Julie N. Oswald, Eva-Marie Nosal, and Vincent Janik</p><p>34</p><p>What You See Is Not What You Hear: The Relationship Between Odontocete Echolocation Click Production and Hearing</p><p>Laura N. Kloepper, Paul E. Nachtigall, and Marlee Breese</p><p>35</p><p>Sound Production and Reception in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)</p><p>Asila Ghoul and Colleen Reichmuth</p><p>36</p><p>Nocturnal Acoustic Activity in the Shallow Waters of the WWF-Miramare Natural Marine Reserve (Trieste, Italy) </p><p>Antonio Codarin, Marta Picciulin, Linda Sebastianutto, Giuliana Calcagno, Maurizio Spoto, and Enrico A. Ferrero</p><p>37</p><p>Acoustic Ecology of the California Mantis Shrimp (Hemisquilla californiensis)</p><p>Erica R. Staaterman, Christopher W. Clark, Austin J. Gallagher, Thomas Claverie, Maya S. deVries, and Sheila N. Patek</p><p>38</p><p>Influence of Turbidity on the Incidence of Sound Production in Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina</p><p>Cecilia S. Krahforst, John P. Walsh, Mark W. Sprague, Devon O. Eulie, D. Reide Corbett, and Joseph J. Luczkovich</p><p>39</p><p>Propagation of Lusitanian Toadfish Sounds in Estuarine Shallow Waters</p><p>Andreia Ramos, M. Clara P. Amorim, and Paulo J. Fonseca</p><p>40</p><p>Sound Production in Some Physostomous Fish Species and Effects of Biological Sounds on Fish</p><p>Michail Y. Kuznetsov and Yury A. Kuznetsov</p><p>41</p><p>Is Biological Sound Production Important in the Deep Sea?</p><p>Rodney A. Rountree, Francis Juanes, Clifford A. Goudey, and Kenneth E. Ekstrom</p><p>42</p><p>Unusual and Unexpected Biological Noisemakers in the Irish Sea and St. George’s Channel</p><p>Rodney Coates, Gillian A. Coates, Rachel Porter, Andrew Davies, and Dylan Evans</p><p>Section 4 - Physiological Effects of Sounds </p><p>43</p><p>Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: From Animal Models to Human Trials </p><p>Colleen G. Le Prell</p><p>44</p><p>Auditory Effects of Underwater Noise in Odontocetes</p><p>James J. Finneran</p><p>45</p><p>Implementation of Acoustic Dosimeters With Recoverable Month-Long GPS/TDR Tags to Interpret Controlled-Exposure Experiments for Large Whales</p><p>Bruce R. Mate</p><p>46</p><p>Marine Mammal Auditory System Noise Impacts:  Evidence and Incidence</p><p>Darlene R. Ketten</p><p>47</p>Effect of Broadband Sounds on the Auditory Evoked Potential Thresholds in the Beluga Whale<p><p>Vladimir V. Popov and Alexander Y. Supin</p><p>48</p><p>The ESME Workbench: Simulating the Impact of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals</p><p>David C. Mountain, David Anderson, Andrew Brughera, Matthew Cross, Dorian S. Houser, Nael Musleh, Michael Porter, and Martin Siderius</p><p>49</p><p>Using EarLab to Study Masking Due to Anthropogenic Sound</p><p>David C. Mountain, David Anderson, and Andrew Brughera</p><p>50</p><p>Portable Auditory Evoked Potential System to Assess Odontocete Hearing</p><p>Aude F. Pacini, Paul E. Nachtigall, and Laura N. Kloepper</p><p>51</p><p>Barotrauma in Fish and Barotrauma Metrics</p><p>Thomas J. Carlson</p><p>52</p><p>Assessment of Barotrauma Injury and Cumulative Sound Exposure Level on Salmon After Exposure to Impulsive Sound</p><p>Michele B. Halvorsen, Brandon M. Casper, Thomas J. Carlson, Christa M. Woodley, and Arthur N. Popper</p><p>53</p><p>Shipboard Assessment of Hearing Sensitivity of Tropical Fishes Immediately After Exposure to Seismic Air Gun Emissions at Scott Reef</p><p>Mardi C. Hastings and Jennifer Miksis-Olds</p><p>54</p><p>A Lack of Correlation Between Air Gun Signal Pressure Waveforms and Fish Hearing Damage</p><p>Robert D. McCauley and Chandra Salgado Kent</p><p>55</p><p>Effects of Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Boat Noise on Cortisol Levels in Juvenile Fish</p><p>Ilaria Spiga, Joe Fox, and Robert Benson</p><p>56</p><p>Potential Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Boat Noise on the Growth, Survival, and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Fish</p><p>Ilaria Spiga, Joe Fox, and Robert Benson</p><p>57</p><p>Predicting Hearing Loss in Fishes</p><p>Michael E. Smith</p>58<p><p>Effects of Pile-Driving Noise on Oncorhynchus mykiss (Steelhead Trout)</p><p>Richard Oestman and Christopher J. Earle</p><p>Section 5 - Anthropogenic Sounds and Behavior</p><p>59</p><p>Controlled Exposure Study of Dolphins and Sea Lions to Midfrequency Sonarlike Signals</p><p>Dorian Houser, Laura Yeates, Daniel Crocker, Stephen W. Martin, and James J. Finneran</p><p>60</p><p>A Direct Comparison of Bottlenose Dolphin and Common Dolphin Behavior During Seismic Surveys When Air Guns Are and Are Not Being Utilized </p><p>Sarah B. Barry, Anna C. Cucknell, and Nicola Clark</p><p>61</p><p>Behavioral Reactions of Harbor Porpoise to Pile-Driving Noise</p><p>Jakob Tougaard, Line A. Kyhn, Mats Amundin, Daniel Wennerberg, and Carolina Bordin</p><p>62</p><p>Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)</p><p>Miriam J. Brandt, Ansgar Diederichs, Klaus Betke, and Georg Nehls</p><p>63</p><p>Evaluating the Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Phocoena phocoena (Harbor Porpoise) by Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring</p><p>Klaus Lucke, Michael Dähne, Sven Adler, Anja Brandecker, Kathrin Krügel, Janne K. Sundermeyer, and Ursula Siebert</p><p>64</p><p>Effects of Underwater Explosions on Presence and Habitat Use of Harbor Porpoises in the German Baltic Sea</p><p>Janne K. Sundermeyer, Klaus Lucke, Michael Dähne, Anja Gallus, Kathrin Krügel, and Ursula Siebert</p><p>65</p><p>Behavioral-Response Studies: Problems With Statistical Power</p><p>Rebecca A. Dunlop, Michael J. Noad, and Douglas H. Cato</p><p>66</p><p>Detection and Tracking of Whales Using a Shipborne, 360° Thermal-Imaging System</p><p>Elke Burkhardt, Lars Kindermann, Daniel Zitterbart, and Olaf Boebel</p><p>67</p>Distribution of Bowhead Whale Calls Near an Oil Production Island With Fluctuating Underwater Sound<p><p>W. John Richardson, Trent L. McDonald, Charles R. Greene, Jr., Susanna B. Blackwell, and Bill Streever</p><p>68</p><p>Assessment of the Effect of Natural and Anthropogenic Aquatic Noise on Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) Through a Numerical Simulation</p><p>Giovanni Castellazzi, Petr Krysl, Lorenzo Rojas, and Ted W. Cranford</p><p>69</p><p>Impacts of Anthropogenic Sounds on Phocoena phocoena (Harbor Porpoise)</p><p>Ronald Kastelein and Nancy Jennings</p><p>70</p><p>Changes in Vocal Behavior of North Atlantic Right Whales in Increased Noise </p><p>Susan E. Parks, Mack P. Johnson, Douglas P. Nowacek, and Peter L. Tyack</p><p>71</p><p>Acoustic Compensation to Shipping and Air Gun Noise by Mediterranean Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus)</p><p>Manuel Castellote, Christopher W. Clark, and Marc O. Lammers</p>72<p><p>Long–Term Monitoring of Anthropogenic Noise and Its Relationship to Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Distribution in the Cres–Lošinj Archipelago, Northern Adriatic, Croatia</p><p>Nikolina Rako, Marta Picciulin, Peter Mackelworth, Draško Holcer, and Caterina Maria Fortuna</p><p>73</p><p>Does Vessel Noise Affect the Use of Sound by Foraging Orcinus orca (Killer Whales)? </p><p>Marla M. Holt, Dawn P. Noren, and Candice K. Emmons</p><p>74</p><p>Do Silent Ships See More Fish? Comparison of a Noise-Reduced and a Conventional Research Vessel in Alaska</p><p>Alex De Robertis, Christopher D. Wilson, and Neal J. Williamson</p><p>75</p><p>Behavioral Observations of Baleen Whales in Proximity of a Modern Fishing Vessel</p><p>Matteo Bernasconi, Ruben Patel, and Leif Nøttestad</p><p>76</p><p>Assessing Effects of an Acoustic Marine Geophysical Survey on the Locomotive Behavior of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus</p><p>Sylvia E. van der Woude</p>77<p><p>Acoustic Monitoring of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cook Inlet, Alaska</p><p>Marc O. Lammers, Robert Small, Shannon Atkinson, Manuel Castellote, Justin Jenniges, Anne Rosinski, Sue Moore, Chris Garner, and Whitlow W. L. Au</p><p>78</p><p>Soundscape of a Nearshore Coral Reef Near an Urban Center</p><p>Whitlow W. L. Au, Michael Richlen, and Marc O. Lammers</p><p>79</p><p>Gap Durations in Ambient Noise Impact the Communication Range of Harp Seals: A Pilot Study</p><p>John M. Terhune </p><p>80</p><p>Importance of Underwater Sounds for Migration of Fish and Aquatic Mammals </p><p>Ilse van Opzeeland and Hans Slabbekoorn</p><p>81</p><p>Behavioral Responses of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) to Recreational Boat Sounds</p><p>Lori A. Lester, Edward A. Standora, Walter F. Bien, and Harold W. Avery</p><p>82</p><p>Peter A. Cott, David A. Mann, Dennis M. Higgs, Tom A. Johnston, and John M. Gunn</p><p>83</p><p>Impacts of River-Based Air Gun Seismic Activity on Northern Fishes</p><p>Peter A. Cott, Arthur N. Popper, David A. Mann, John K. Jorgenson, and Bruce W. Hanna</p><p>84</p><p>Effects of Underwater Noise on Larval settlement</p><p>Jenni A. Stanley, Craig A. Radford, and Andrew G. Jeffs</p><p>85</p><p>Does Vessel Noise Change the Calling Rate and Intensity of Soniferous Fishes? </p><p>Joseph J. Luczkovich, Cecilia S. Krahforst, and Mark W. Sprague</p><p>86</p><p>Behavioral Responses of Captive Herring to Sonar Signals (1-1.6 kHz) of a Naval Frigate Throughout a Yearly Cycle</p><p>Lise Doksæter, Petter H. Kvadsheim, Nils O. Handegard, Nina Nordlund, and Olav R. Godø</p><p>87</p><p>Acoustic Tagging: A Suitable Method for the Study of Natural Herring Behavior Around Spawning?</p><p>Lise Langård, Arne Johannessen, Anders Fernö, Leif Nøttestad, Georg Skaret, Aril Slotte, Jostein Røttingen, and Jan T. Øvredal</p><p>88</p><p>The Effects of Pile Driving on the Behavior of Cod and Sole</p><p>Frank Thomsen, Christina Mueller-Blenkle, Andrew Gill, Julian Metcalfe, Peter K. McGregor, Victoria Bendall,  Mathias H. Andersson, Peter Sigray, and Daniel Wood</p><p>89</p><p>A Novel Field Study Setup to Investigate the Behavior of Fish Related to Sound</p><p>Christina Mueller-Blenkle, Andrew B. Gill, Peter K. McGregor, Mathais H. Andersson, Peter Sigray, Victoria Bendall, Julian Metcalfe, and Frank Thomsen</p><p>90</p><p>Do Ocean-Based Wind Farms Alter the Migration Pattern in the Endangered European Silver Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Due to Noise Disturbance?</p><p>Mathias H. Andersson, Ingvar Lagenfelt, and Peter Sigray</p><p>91</p><p>Effects of Vessel Engine Noise on the Acoustic Signaling Behavior of Dascyllus albisella (Hawaiian Damselfish)</p><p>Pollyanna I. Fisher-Pool, Marc O. Lammers, and Lisa M. Munger</p><p>92</p><p>Distribution and Potential Impact of Boat Noise on Fish Sound Production From an Autonomous Acoustic Array in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico</p><p>Carrie C. Wall, Peter Simard, and David A. Mann</p><p>93</p><p>Cichlid Courtship Acoustics: Signals and Noise Influence Reproductive Behavior </p><p>Hans Slabbekoorn, Machteld Verzijden, and Christina May</p><p>94</p><p>Using Catch Statistics to Investigate effects of Seismic Activity on Fish Catch Rates</p><p>Aud Vold, Sven Løkkeborg, and Maria M. Tenningen</p><p>95</p><p>Effects of Sounds From Seismic Air Guns on Fish Behavior and Catch Rates</p><p>Svein Løkkeborg, Egil Ona, Aud Vold, and Are Salthaug</p><p>Section 6 – Population Effects</p><p>96</p><p>A Bioenergetics Approach to Developing a Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance Model</p><p>Daniel P. Costa </p><p>97</p><p>Energetic Cost of Behaviors Performed in Response to Vessel Disturbance: One Link in the Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance Model</p><p>Dawn P. Noren, Robin C. Dunkin, Terri M. Williams, and Marla M. Holt</p><p>Section 7 - Anthropogenic Sound Sources and Their Measurement </p><p>98</p><p>A Common Sense Approach to Source Metrics </p><p>William T. Ellison and Adam S. Frankel</p><p>99</p><p>Underwater Sounds from Unattenuated and Attenuated Marine Pile Driving</p><p>James Reyff</p><p>100</p><p>What is the Source Level of Pile-Driving Noise in Water?</p><p>Michael A. Ainslie, Christ A. F. de Jong, Stephen P. Robinson, and Paul A. Lepper</p><p>101</p><p>Ground Roll Waves as a Potential Influence on Fish: Measurement and Analysis Techniques</p><p>Richard A. Hazelwood</p><p>102</p><p>Assessment of Cumulative Sound Exposure Levels for Marine Piling Events</p><p>Paul A. Lepper, Stephen P. Robinson, Michael A. Ainslie, Pete D. Theobald, and Christ A. F. de Jong</p><p>103</p><p>Modeling the Propagation of Transient Sounds in Very Shallow Water Using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Calculations</p><p>Mark W. Sprague and Joseph J. Luczkovich</p><p>104</p><p>Proximate Measurements of Acoustic Emissions Associated with the Installation and Operation of an Exploration Jack-up Drilling Rig in the North Sea</p><p>Victoria L. G. Todd and Paul R. White</p><p>105</p><p>Measurement of Underwater Noise Arising From Marine Aggregate Operations</p><p>Stephen P. Robinson, Pete D. Theobald, Paul A. Lepper, Gary Hayman, Victor F. Humphrey, Lian-Sheng Wang, and Samantha Mumford</p><p>106</p><p>Svein Vaage Broadband Air Gun Study</p><p>Anders Mattsson, Gregg Parkes, and David Hedgeland</p>&lt;<p>107</p><p>Cetacean Hearing-Damage Zones Around a Seismic Source</p><p>Robert Laws</p><p>108</p><p>Modeling Cumulative Sound Exposure Over Large Areas, Multiple Sources, and Long Durations</p><p>Christine Erbe</p><p>109</p><p>Sound Recording Systems for Measuring Sound Levels During Seismic Surveys</p><p>Jan Tore Øvredal and Bjorn Totland</p><p>110</p><p>First Description of the Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity Components of the Ambient Noise and Boat Noise Recorded at the WWF-Miramare Natural Marine Reserve, Trieste, Italy </p><p>Angelo Farina, Adriano Farina, Enrico Armelloni, Linda Sebastianutto, Carlo Franzosini, and Marta Picciulin</p><p>111</p><p>Underwater Particle Acceleration Induced by a Wind Turbine in the Baltic Sea</p><p>Peter Sigray and Mathias H. Andersson</p><p>112</p><p>Is the Ocean Really Getting Louder?</p><p>Michael Stocker, Tom Reuterdahl</p><p>Section 8 - Science, Regulation and Sound Exposure Criteria</p><p>113</p><p>The Complexity of Noise Impact Assessments: From Birdsong to Fish Behavior</p><p>Hans Slabbekoorn</p><p>114</p><p>Extrapolating Beyond Chinchillas: Behavioral Response Ambiguity Through the Lens of Variable Human Responses to Moderate Wind Farm Noise</p><p>Jim Cummings</p><p>115</p><p>Underwater Noise Effects From Wave Energy Devices on Marine Mammals: A Possible Approach</p><p>Sofia Patricio</p><p>116</p><p>Physical Biologists and Biological Physicists: Combining Biology and Physics in Research on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life</p><p>Douglas H. Cato</p><p>117</p><p>“So, Am I Correct in My Understanding That a Decibel Is the Same as a Hertz?”: The Quest for Informed, Objective Environmental Impact Analysis of Marine Anthropogenic Noise</p><p>John F. Polglaze</p><p>118</p><p>Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation: Effect on a Noise Budget</p><p>James H. Miller, Gopu R. Potty, Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, David Casagrande, Lisa A. Miller, Jeffrey A. Nystuen, Peter M. Scheifele, and John G. Clark</p><p>119</p><p>Development and Implementation of Criteria for Exposure of Western Gray Whales to Oil and Gas Industry Noise</p><p>Douglas P. Nowacek, Alexander Vedenev, Brandon L. Southall, and Roberto Racca</p><p>120</p><p>Strategic Assessment of the Risk Posed to Marine Mammals by the Use of Air Guns in the Antarctic: Concepts, Methods, Results, and Controversies</p><p>Olaf Boebel, Monika Breitzke, Elke Burkhardt, and Horst Bornemann</p><p>121</p><p>Establishing a Safety Zone for Marine Mammals due to Underwater Blasting</p><p>Norm Broner and Mike Huber</p><p>122</p><p>The Marine Mammal Protection Act: A Regulatory Approach to Identifying and Minimizing Acoustic-Related Impacts on Marine Mammals</p><p>Jaclyn N. Daly and Jolie Harrison</p><p>123</p><p>Noise-Related Stress and Cumulative Impact Assessment</p><p>Andrew J. Wright</p><p>124</p><p>Interim Criteria for Injury to Fish From Pile-Driving Activities: Recent Experiences</p><p>Richard Rodkin, Keith Pommerenck, and James Reyff</p><p>125</p><p>Marine Mammal Acoustics Exposure Analysis Models Used in US Navy Environmental Impact Statements</p><p>Douglas Wartzok, Christine Erbe, Wayne M. Getz, and Jeanette Thomas</p><p>126</p><p>Status of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Guidelines for Assessing Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals</p><p>Amy R. Scholik-Schlomer</p><p>127</p><p>Regulatory Assessments of the Effects of Noise: Moving From Threshold Shift and Injury to Behavior</p><p>Craig E. Johnson</p><p>128</p><p>United States Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement: Filling Data Gaps to Better Understand the Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Life </p><p>Jill Lewandowski, Elizabeth Burkhard, Kimberly Skrupky, and Deborah Epperson</p><p>129</p><p>Regulation of Sound in the Ocean: Recent and Future Possible Changes</p><p>Mark L. Tasker</p><p>130</p><p>Marine Bioacoustics and the Regulation of Fisheries</p><p>Yury A. Kuznetsov, Lev N. Bocharov, Valeriy N. Akulin, and Michail Y. Kuznetsov</p><p>131</p><p>Update From the OEER Association on Research Findings Associated With the Assessment of the Impacts of Seismic Exploration on Marine Invertebrates</p><p>Jennifer M. Matthews</p><p>132</p><p>Managing Underwater Noise in European Waters: Implementing the Marine Strategy Framework Directive</p><p>Mark Tasker, Mats Amundin, Michel Andre, Anthony D. Hawkins, William Lang, Thomas Merck, Amy Scholik-Schlomer, Jonas Teilmann, Frank Thomsen, Stefanie Werner, and Manell Zakharia</p><p>Section 9 - Monitoring, Management and Mitigation</p><p>133</p><p>Acoustic-Based Cetacean Detection in Irish Waters</p><p>Eugene McKeown</p><p>134</p><p>Real-Time Monitoring of Noise in Cetacean Acoustic Niches  </p><p>Michel André, Mike van der Schaar, Serge Zaugg, Ludwig Houégnigan, Antonio Sánchez, Alex Mas, and Joan V. Castell</p><p>135</p><p>What Does Ecosystem Acoustics Reveal About Marine Mammals in the Bering Sea?</p><p>Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Jeffrey A. Nystuen, and Susan E. Parks</p><p>136</p><p>Ship Traffic Noise Distribution in the Strait of Gibraltar: An Exemplary Case for Monitoring Global Ocean Noise With Real-Time Technology Now Available for Understanding the Effects of Noise on Marine Life</p><p>Thomas Folegot</p><p>137</p><p>Are There Technological Alternatives to Air Guns for Oil and Gas Exploration to Reduce Potential Noise Impacts on Cetaceans?</p><p>Linda Weilgart</p><p>138</p><p>Modeling Cumulative Sound Exposure Along a Seismic Line to Assess the Risk of Seismic Research Surveys on Marine Mammals in the Antarctic Treaty Area</p><p>Monika Breitzke and Thomas Bohlen</p><p>139</p><p>North Atlantic Treaty Organization Marine Mammal Risk Mitigation Principles and Guidelines</p><p>Kendra L. Ryan and Stephane Jespers</p><p>140</p><p>Mitigating Impacts of Underwater Noise From Dredging on Beluga Whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska</p><p>Christopher A. Hoffman</p><p>141</p><p>Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Programme: Research Progress and Applications</p><p>Jennifer L. Michael, John Campbell, David Hedgeland, Michael Jenkerson, H. Rodger Melton, Lori Notor, Russell D. Tait, Sarah L. Tsoflias, and Gary Wolinsky</p><p>142</p><p>Managing Anthropogenic Underwater Noise in the Northwest Territories, Canada   </p><p>Bruce W. Hanna, Peter A. Cott, Amanda A. Joynt, and Lois Harwood</p><p>143</p><p>SIRENA '10 – Beyond the Mediterranean</p><p>Jeffery Haun, Kendra Ryan, Arnold B-Nagy</p><p>144</p><p>Planning is Critical to Ensure Effective Mitigation of Naval Activities</p><p>Sarah J. Dolman</p><p>145</p><p>Standardizing Protected Species Observer Requirements in the United States</p><p>Kyle Baker, Deborah Epperson, Howard Goldstein, Kimberly Skrupky, Brad Smith, Gregg Gitschlag, Jill Lewandowski, and Teresa Turk</p><p>146</p><p>Using Passive Acoustics to Monitor the Presence of Marine Mammals During Naval Exercises</p><p>Anurag Kumar,  Jene Nissen, Joel Bell, and Mandy Shoemaker</p><p>147</p><p>Development of a National Database and Standards for Protected Species Observer Data in the United States of America</p><p>Howard Goldstein, Deborah Epperson, Kyle Baker, Kimberly Skrupky, Brad Smith, Gregg Gitschlag, J Lewandowski, and Teresa Turk</p><p>148</p><p>Coordinated Management of Anthropogenic Noise From Offshore Construction off Sakhalin Island for Protection of the Western Gray Whale</p><p>Roberto Racca</p><p>Section 10 – Workshops and Concluding Remarks</p><p>149</p><p>Workshop 1: Risk Analysis </p><p>Thomas J. Carlson, Christ de Jong, and Rene P. A. Dekeling</p><p>150</p><p>Workshop 2: Long-Term and Cumulative Effects of Acoustic Exposure Along With Other Stressors</p><p>Robert Gisiner and George Frisk</p><p>151</p><p>Workshop 2: Approaches to Behavioral Analysis of Responses to High-Energy Acoustic Sources</p><p>Svein Løkkeborg and Frank Thomsen</p><p>152</p><p>Workshop 4: International Regulatory Issues </p><p>Amy R. Scholik-Schlomer and Camille Mageau</p><p>153</p><p>Summing Up</p><p>Roger L. Gentry</p>