Cerebral Cortex

1 Early Ontogenesis of the Human Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Perspectives.- 3. Origin and Early Ontogenesis of the Human Cerebral Cortex.- 4. Differentiation and Maturation of the Mammalian Cortical Plate.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 2 The Role of the Subplate in the Development of the Mammalian Telencephalon.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Development of Geniculocortical Connections.- 3. Neurogenesis of Cortical Layer 4.- 4. Cellular Organization of the White Matter during Development.- 5. The Subplate Is a Transient Synaptic Neuropil.- 6. The Subplate and Marginal Zones Contain a Transient Class of Peptide-Immunoreactive Neuron.- 7. The Role of Subplate Neurons in Cortical Development.- 8. References.- 3 The Reeler Malformation: Implications for Neocortical Histogenesis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neuronal Migration.- 3. Neuron Position and Secondary Events of Neocortical Histogenesis.- 4. Recapitulation and Implications.- 5. References.- 4 The Development of the Hippocampal Region.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hippocampal Region in the Adult Brain.- 3. The Generation of Neurons in the Hippocampal Region.- 4. The Migration of the Neurons in the Hippocampal Region.- 5. The Development of Neuronal Form in the Hippocampal Region.- 6. The Development of the Afferents to the Hippocampal Region.- 7. The Development of Efferents from the Hippocampal Region.- 8. Other Aspects of the Development of the Hippocampal Region.- 9. References.- 5 Development of Projection and Local Circuit Neurons in Neocortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Projection Neurons.- 3. Local Circuit Neurons.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- 5. References.- 6 Changes in Neurotransmitters during Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Excitatory Amino Acids.- 3. Acetylcholine.- 4. GABA.- 5. Neuropeptides.- 6. Monoamines.- 7. References.- 7 Biochemistry of Neurotransmitters in Cortical Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Afferent Pathways to Cortex.- 3. Intrinsic Cortical Neurons.- 4. Glutamate Pathways.- 5. Conclusion.- 6. References.- 8 The Physiology of Developing Cortical Neurons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spontaneous Unitary Activity.- 3. Evoked Potentials in Immature Neocortex.- 4. Postsynaptic Potentials in Immature Cortical Cells.- 5. Latencies of Evoked Neuronal Activity.- 6. Nature of Unit Responses in Immature SmI Cortex.- 7. Receptive Field Organization in Immature SmI Cortex.- 8. Cortical Morphology and Functional Development.- 9. Laminar Development of Visual Cortex.- 10. Receptive Field Organization in Immature Visual Cortex.- 11. Conclusions.- 12. References.- 9 Changes in Cytoskeletal Elements during Postnatal Development of Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Composition of Neuronal Cytoskeleton.- 3. Heterogeneity.- 4. Distribution.- 5. Potential Functions of Cytoskeletal Elements in Nerve Cells.- 6. Cytoskeletal Changes during Postnatal Brain Development.- 7. The Cytoskeleton and Functionally Driven Plasticity.- 8. References.- 10 Development of Visual and Auditory Cortical Connections in the Cat.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Development of Cerebral Hemispheres and Commissures.- 3. General Considerations of Pathway Tracing Techniques in Immature Animals.- 4. Organization of Corticosubcortical Projections during Development.- 5. Organization of Corticocortical Projections during Development.- 6. Synapse Formation and Receptor Appearance.- 7. Development of Functional Connections.- 8. Experientially Induced Reorganization of Cortical Connections.- 9. Cortical Ablation Studies.- 10. Conclusions and Speculations.- 11. References.- 11 Plasticity of Synapse Structure and Pattern in the Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Evidence for Changes in Preexisting Synapses.- 3. Synaptic Number and Pattern Changes.- 4. How Do Synapse Number Changes Arise? Developmental and Mature Forms of Synaptogenesis.- 5. Other Features of Developmental Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex.- 6. Concluding Comments.- 7. References.- 12 Effects of Nutrition on Cortical Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Perspectives.- 3. Animal Models.- 4. General Morphological Effects of Experimentally Induced Undernutrition.- 5. Histological Studies on the Brains of Undernourished Animals.- 6. Undernutrition and Environment.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. References.- 13 Embryonic Vascularization of the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. The Endothelial Cell of CNS Growing Capillaries.- 4. CNS Capillary Angiogenesis, Anastomosis, and Lumen Formation.- 5. Embryonic Vascularization of Cerebral Cortex.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.