1. Methods to Predict Response to Chemotherapy.- 1. General Considerations.- 1.1. In Vivo—Xenograft Systems.- 1.2. In Vitro.- 2. In Vitro Predictive Systems.- 2.1. Systems Based on Primary Site of Action.- 2.2. Systems Based on Metabolic Changes.- 2.3. Systems Based on Morphological Changes.- 2.4. Systems Based on Drug Uptake or Activation.- 2.5. Systems Based on Loss of Reproductive Integrity.- 3. Current Areas of Promise.- 3.1. Labeling-Index Perturbation.- 3.2. Clonogenic (“Stem-Cell”) Assay.- 4. Design and Direction of Future Studies.- 4.1. Pharmacological Considerations Generally Applicable to in Vitro Testing.- 4.2. Future Directions.- 5. The Significance of Success.- 6. References.- 2. Estrogen Receptor and Prognosis in Breast Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Factors That Influence Prognosis in Primary Breast Cancer.- 3. Rationale for Estrogen Receptor as a Prognostic Indicator.- 4. Clinical Studies of Estrogen Receptor and Prognosis.- 5. Implications for Treatment.- 6. Conclusion.- 7. References.- 3. Benign Breast Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Histopathology of Benign Breast Disease.- 2.1. Structure of the Normal Mammary Gland.- 2.2. Pathology of Benign Breast Disease.- 3. Hormone Dependence of Benign Breast Disease.- 3.1. Normal Breast.- 3.2. Experimental Data.- 3.3. Ovarian Function in Women with Benign Breast Disease.- 3.4. In Vitro Studies in Benign Breast Disease.- 3.5. Hormonal Treatment of Benign Breast Disease.- 3.6. Pathophysiological Interpretation of the Hormonal Abnormalities Observed in Women with Benign Breast Disease.- 4. Relationship between Benign Breast Disease and Breast Cancer.- 5. Role of Exogenous Estrogens in the Incidence of Benign Breast Disease.- 5.1. Oral Contraceptives.- 5.2. Estrogen Treatment of Menopausal Women.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 4. A Patient Looks at Breast Cancer at the Beginning of a New Decade.- 1. Prologue.- 2. Introduction.- 3. The “State of the Art” in 1970.- 3.1. Biology.- 3.2. Etiology and Epidemiology.- 3.3. Detection and Diagnosis.- 3.4. Primary Treatment.- 3.5. Adjuvant Therapy.- 3.6. Metastatic Disease.- 3.7. Psychosocial Aspects of Breast Cancer.- 4. The “State of the Art” in 1980.- 4.1. Biology.- 4.2. Etiology and Epidemiology.- 4.3. Detection and Diagnosis.- 4.4. Primary Treatment.- 4.5. Adjuvant Therapy and Metastatic Disease.- 4.6. Psychosocial Aspects of Breast Cancer.- 5. References.- 5. Breast Cancer Detection Center Projects.- 1. Inception and Organization.- 2. Second Thoughts.- 3. The Beahrs Report.- 4. The Course of Events.- 5. Follow-up.- 6. Pathology Review.- 7. Conclusion.- Appendix I.- Appendix II.- Appendix III.- Appendix IV.- 8. References.- 6. Reconstruction of the Female Breast after Mastectomy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Initial Interview.- 3. Alternative Types of Reconstruction Today.- 3.1. Revision of a Scar.- 3.2. Reduction of the Remaining Breast.- 3.3. Insertion of the Prosthesis Only.- 3.4. Use of a Special Prosthesis.- 3.5. Reconstruction of the Areolar Nipple Complex.- 3.6. Combination of These Methods.- 3.7. Microsurgical Methods of Reconstruction.- 3.8. Immediate Reconstruction.- 3.9. Myocutaneous Flap.- 4. Chemotherapy.- 5. Who Should Be Reconstructed?.- 6. Follow-up after Reconstructive Surgery.- 7. The Other Breast.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. Reading List.- 7. The High-Risk Woman.- 8. Comparative Pathological Study of Breast Carcinoma among American and Japanese Women.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material and Methods.- 2.1. Tumor Size and Lymph-Node Metastasis.- 2.2. Ten-Year Survival Rate.- 3. Histological Classification.- 4. Results.- 4.1. Case Distribution.- 4.2. Ten-Year Survival Rate.- 5. Discussion.- 6. Conclusion.- 7. References.
