I History, Theory, and Challenges.- 1 Characterizing Watershed and Landscape Management.- 1.1 Locally Led Watershed Management.- 1.2 Management Committees and Plans.- 2 Challenges of Management and Modeling.- 2.1 Simulation Modeling Objectives.- 2.2 Which Comes First, Data or Models?.- 2.3 Making Modeling Cost Effective.- 2.4 How Formal Should a Model Be?.- 3 Perspectives in Ecological Modeling and Simulation.- 3.1 Underlying Theories of Ecology.- 3.2 Ecological Simulation Software.- 4 Perspectives in Hydrologic Modeling and Simulation.- 4.1 Simulation Models.- 4.2 The Role of Geographic Information Systems.- II Choosing Models and Modeling Environments.- 5 Questions Addressed with Single-Discipline Simulation Models.- 5.1 Questions Addressed by Surface Water Erosion and Pollution Models.- 5.2 River Management.- 5.3 Stream Management.- 5.4 Plant Community Succession.- 5.5 Urban Growth.- 6 Questions Addressed with Multidiscipline Simulation Models.- 6.1 Sample Model Integration Environments.- 6.2 Sample Multidisciplinary Models.- 7 Creating New Models.- 7.1 Geographic Information Systems-Based Approaches.- 7.2 Introductory Dynamic Modeling Software.- 7.3 Power Dynamic Modeling Software.- 8 Coordinating Large-Scale, Interdisciplinary Watershed Modeling.- 8.1 Modeling Steps.- 8.2 Management Concerns.- 8.3 Conclusions.- 9 Analyzing Alternatives.- 9.1 Decision Trade-Off Analysis.- 9.2 Approach to Analysis.- 9.3 Summary.- 10 Who Develops and Runs the Models?.- 11 Error and Uncertainty Analysis 107.- 11.1 Sources of Error.- 11.2 Tracking Error and Uncertainty.- 12 Model Evaluation Guidelines.- 12.1 Requirements Identification.- 12.2 Establishing Modeling Expectations.- 12.3 Model Selection Criteria.- 12.4 Modeling Environment Selection Criteria.- III An Integrated Watershed Modeling and Simulation Future.- 13 Approaches to Future Model Integration.- 13.1 Common User Interface.- 13.2 Scientific Models Integrated Behind Management Models.- 13.3 Scientific Models Converted to Management Model Modules.- 13.4 New Management Models.- 13.5 New Modeling Languages.- 14 Design Philosophies.- 14.1 Embrace Current Ecological, Economic, and Management Theories.- 14.2 Use Existing Code.- 14.3 Minimize the Number of Authors of Any Given Module.- 14.4 Embrace Legacy Software.- 14.5 Design Everything to Be Modular.- 14.6 Distributed.- 14.7 Multiple Interface Levels.- 14.8 Model Components as Objects.- 15 Watershed Manager’s View.- 15.1 System Design Philosophy.- 15.2 Multiple Models.- 15.3 Model Modification.- 16 Modeler’s View.- 16.1 Audience.- 16.2 Imagine.- 16.3 System Design Philosophy.- 16.4 Model Control Center.- 16.5 Subsystems.- 16.6 Viewers and Controllers.- 17 Programmer’s View.- 17.1 Audience.- 17.2 System Design Philosophy.- 17.3 System Overview.- 17.4 Subsystem Encapsulation.- 17.5 Data Cache Objects and the Data Register.- 17.6 Simulation Timekeeper.- 17.7 Viewers and Controllers.- 17.8 Implementation Approaches.- Conclusions.- References.
