Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Perspective

<p> Contents</p><p>Foreword</p><p>List of Contributors </p><p> </p><p>Section 1: Basic Scientific Foundation</p><p>Editors: John D. Kelly, Hardev Pandha, Maria Shevchuk, Karl-Dietrich Sievert, and Atsushi Takenaka</p><p> </p><p>1. Development, Applied and Surgical Anatomy of the Prostate</p><p>Anthony J. Costello and Niall M. Corcoran</p><p> </p><p>2. Molecular Biology and Prostate Cancer</p><p>Greg L. Shaw and David E. Neal</p><p> </p><p>3. Endocrine Mechanisms, Androgen Receptor and Carcinogenesis, Hormone Escape</p><p>Kaustubh Datta and Donald Tindall</p><p> </p><p>4. Molecular Mechanisms of Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer</p><p>Francois Lamoureux, Amina Zoubeidi, and Martin E. Gleave</p><p> </p><p>5. Immunologic Aspects of Prostate Cancer </p><p>Christine Galustian, Oussama Elhage, Richard Smith, and Prokar Dasgupta</p><p> </p><p>6. Stem Cells in Carcinogenesis of the Prostate</p><p>Shi-Ming Tu and Sue-Hwa Lin</p><p> </p><p>7. Murine Models of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Eric C. Kauffman, Casey K. Ng, and Carrie Rinker-Schaeffer</p><p> </p><p>8. Prostate Cancer and the Metabolic Syndrome</p><p>Stephen EM Langley and Jenny P. Nobes</p><p> </p><p>9. Inflammation and Cancer of the Prostate</p><p>Sonya Vasto, Emilio Italiano, Vitale Miceli, and Giuseppe Carruba</p><p> </p><p>10. HIV and Prostate Cancer </p><p>Matthew S. Wosnitzer, Jennifer J. Ahn, and Franklin C. Lowe</p><p> </p><p>11. Prostate Cancer Genetics</p><p>Sashi S. Kommu, Samuel Bishara, and Stephen M. Edwards</p><p> </p><p>12. Gene Expression Profiling and Somatic Genome Changes</p><p>Michael Ittmann</p><p> </p><p>13. The Proteomic Approach to Prostate Cancer</p><p>Sashi S. Kommu and Emanual Petricoin</p><p> </p><p>14. Epigenetic Changes in Prostate Cancer</p><p>William G. Nelson, Michael C. Haffner, Angelo M. De Marzo, and Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian</p><p> </p><p>15. Biomarkers of Potential Therapeutic Value</p><p>Hideaki Miyake, Atsushi Takenaka, and Masato Fujisawa</p><p> </p><p>16. Prostate Tissue Banking</p><p>Harveer Dev, Prasanna Sooriakumaran, and Ashutosh Tewari</p><p> </p><p>17. Molecular Imaging in Diagnostics</p><p>Casey Ng, Eric Kauffman, and Hossein Jadvar</p><p> </p><p>18. Molecular Risk Profiling</p><p>Neil E. Martin</p><p> </p><p>19. Premalignant Lesions of the Prostate</p><p>Daniel M. Berney and Anne Y. Warren</p><p> </p><p>20. The Pathology of Prostatic Carcinoma</p><p>Maria Shevchuk and Brian D. Robinson</p><p> </p><p>21. The Pathology of Non-Epithelial Tumors of the Prostate</p><p>Maria Shevchuk and Brian D. Robinson</p><p> </p><p>22. Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer</p><p>Himisha Beltran, Juan Miguel Mosquera, and Mark A. Rubin</p><p> </p><p>Section 2: Epidemiology, Screening, and Chemoprevention</p><p>Editors: Neil Fleshner, Cynthia Kuk, William Nelson, and Alexandre Zlotta</p><p> </p><p>23. Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Ankur M. Manvar, Raj S. Pruthi, Eric. M. Wallen, and Matthew E. Nielsen</p><p> </p><p>24. Racial Disparities and the Global Picture</p><p>James E. Ferguson III, Matthew Nielsen, Eric Wallen, Raj Pruthi</p><p> </p><p>25. Natural History of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Paul K. Hegarty and Nicholas J. Hegarty</p><p> </p><p>26. Population-Based Health Systems as a Foundation for Prostate Cancer Control Research: The Cancer Research Network</p><p>Mark C. Hornbrook and Joan Holup</p><p> </p><p>27. Screening for Prostate Cancer</p><p>David R. Yates and John B. Anderson</p><p> </p><p>28. Next Generation Screening Tests</p><p>Jack A. Schalken and Rizal Hamid</p><p> </p><p>29. Diet and Prostate Cancer: A Holistic Approach to Management</p><p>Philippa J. Cheetham and Aaron E. Katz</p><p> </p><p>30. Estrogens in Prostate Cancer</p><p>Giuseppe Carruba</p><p> </p><p>31. Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer</p><p>Naomi Smith and Alejandro Nolazco</p><p> </p><p>32. The Role of 5a-Reductase Inhibitors (5-ARIs) in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention</p><p>David Margel and Neil Fleshner</p><p> </p><p>33. Other Pharmaceutical Agents in the Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Vivekanandan Kumar</p><p> </p><p>Section 3: Diagnosis and Staging</p><p>Editors: Peter Carroll and Gary Dorfman</p><p> </p><p>34. Early-Detection and Patient Risk Stratification in Prostate Cancer</p><p>Rajesh Nair, John Withington, Sukanya Ghosh, and Alastair Henderson</p><p> </p><p>35. Tumor Markers</p><p>Diederick Duijvesz and Guido Jenster</p><p> </p><p>36. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Diagnostics</p><p>Joseph Osborne, Scott T. Tagawa, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Stanley J. Goldsmith, and Neil H. Bander</p><p> </p><p>37. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Therapeutics</p><p>Scott T. Tagawa, Joseph Osborne, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Stanley J. Goldsmith, and Neil H. Bander</p><p> </p><p>38. Presentation and Symptomatology of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Agnieszka Michael and Hardev Pandha</p><p> </p><p>39. The Role of Ultrasonography</p><p>Suzanne van den Heuvel, Paul C.M.S. Verhagen, and Chris H. Bangma</p><p> </p><p>40. The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Matthieu Durand, Aude Fregeville, Naveen Gumpeni, Abhishek Srivastava, Prasanna Sooriakumaran, Siobhan Gruschow, Niyati Harneja, Kristin M. Saunders, Jean Amiel, and Ashutosh K. Tewari</p><p> </p><p>41. The Role of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques</p><p>Pieter J. De Visschere, Gert O. De Meerleer, Nicolaas Lumen, and Geert M. Villeirs</p><p> </p><p>42. Prostate Biopsy</p><p>Paras B. Singh, Caroline M. Moore, and Mark Emberton</p><p> </p><p>43. The Staging of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Benjamin J. Challacombe and Giles Rottenberg</p><p> </p><p>44. Nuclear Medicine in Prostate Cancer</p><p>Vinayaka Moorthy Majuran, Vidhiya Vinayakamoorthy, and Derek Svasti-Salee</p><p> </p><p>45. Nanotechnology and Prostate Cancer</p><p>Sashi S. Kommu, Lidong Qin, Louis Brousseau, Amrith Rao, Philippe Grange, and Mauro Ferrari</p><p> </p><p>Section 4: Risk Assessment and Decision-Making Strategies for Localized Prostate Cancer</p><p>Editor: Matthew Cooperberg</p><p> </p><p>46. Disease Risk Stratification</p><p>Alistair Henderson</p><p> </p><p>47. Nomograms in Prostate Cancer</p><p>Carvell T. Nguyen and Michael W. Kattan</p><p> </p><p>48. Comparative Effectiveness of Treatment Alternatives for Localized Prostate Cancer</p><p>Matthew R. Cooperberg</p><p> </p><p>Section 5: Management of Localized Disease</p><p>Editors: Prokar Dasgupta, Alex Mottrie, Abhay Rane, Joseph Smith, Datta Wagle, and Peter Wiklund</p><p> </p><p>49. Radical Treatment for Localized Disease: An Overview of Options and Strategies for Decision Making</p><p>Joseph A. Smith, Jr.</p><p> </p><p>50. Quality of Life and Management of Localized Disease</p><p>Andreas E. Nilsson, Gunnar Steineck, and N. Peter Wiklund</p><p> </p><p>51. Active Surveillance for Favorable-Risk Prostate Cancer</p><p>Nathan Lawrentschuk and Laurence Klotz</p><p> </p><p>52. Anesthesia for Robotic-Assisted Prostatectomy</p><p>Vinod Malhotra and Peter M. Fleischut</p><p> </p><p>53. Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy: The Technique</p><p>Hein Van Poppel and Steven Joniau</p><p> </p><p>54. Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy: The Results</p><p>Wolfgang Horninger and Jasmine Bektic</p><p> </p><p>55. Radical Perineal Prostatectomy</p><p>Rolf Gillitzer and Joachim W. Thüroff</p><p> </p><p>56. Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: The Technique</p><p>Christopher Eden and Anthony Hutton</p><p> </p><p>57. Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: The Results</p><p>Evangelos Liatsikos, Odysseas Andrikopoulos, Panagiotis Kallidonis, and Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg</p><p> </p><p>58. Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: The Technique</p><p>Sameer Chopra, Abhishek Srivastava, Prasanna Sooriakumaran, and Ashutosh K. Tewari</p><p> </p><p>59. Lymph Node Dissection in Prostate Cancer Surgery</p><p>Aaron Bernie, Douglas S. Scherr, and Michael P. Herman</p><p> </p><p>60. External Beam Radiotherapy for Low Risk Prostate Cancer</p><p>Gert De Meerleer, Piet Ost, Geert Villeirs, Nicolaas Lumen, and Valérie Fonteyne</p><p> </p><p>61. Prostate Brachytherapy: Low Dose Rate</p><p>Peter Grimm</p><p> </p><p>62. Prostate Brachytherapy: High Dose Rate</p><p>Carl Salembier and Peter Hoskin</p><p> </p><p>63. Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy</p><p>Bridget F. Koontz, Devon Godfrey, and W. Robert Lee</p><p> </p><p>64. Proton Beam Therapy and Novel Radiotherapeutic Approaches to the Treatment of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Jeffrey J. Meyer, Jordan A. Holmes, and Ronald C. Chen</p><p> </p><p>65. Prostate Cryotherapy</p><p>Mohamed Ismail, Shwan Ahmed, and John Davies</p><p> </p><p>66. Focal Therapies for Localized Prostate Cancer</p><p>Louise Dickinson, Hashim U. Ahmed, and Mark Emberton</p><p> </p><p>Section 6: Failure and Management of Recurrent, Locally Advanced, and Advanced Disease</p><p>Editors: Andrew Armstrong, Ronald Chen, Richard Stock, and John Sylvester</p><p> </p><p>67. Biochemical Failure in Prostate Cancer</p><p>Tian Zhang and Andrew Z. Wang</p><p> </p><p>68. The Phenomenon of PSA Bounce After Radiation Therapy</p><p>Peter Acher and Rick Popert</p><p> </p><p>69. Management of Locally Recurrent Disease</p><p>Piet Ost, Valérie Fonteyne, Pieter De Visschere, Nicolaas Lumen, and Gert De Merleer</p><p> </p><p>70. Management of High Risk/Locally Advanced Disease</p><p>Valérie Fonteyne, Piet Ost, Nicolaas Lumen, Geert Villeirs, and Gert De Meerleer</p><p> </p><p>71. Radiotherapy Plus Hormonal Therapy</p><p>Jordan A. Holmes and Ronald Chen</p><p> </p><p>72. Watchful Waiting in Advanced Prostate Cancer</p><p>Maria Carmen Mir and Nathan Lawrentschuk</p><p> </p><p>73. Androgen and Androgen Receptor Directed Therapy as Initial Treatment for Prostate Cancer</p><p>Bruce Montgomery and Peter S. Nelson</p><p> </p><p>74. Hormone-Based Therapies for Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer</p><p>Elahe A. Mostaghel and Peter S. Nelson</p><p> </p><p>75. Toxicity of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer</p><p>Naveed H. Akhtar, Elan S. Diamond, Nicole Eiseler, and Scott T. Tagawa</p><p> </p><p>76. Chemotherapy and Novel Systemic Approaches in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer</p><p>Robyn J. Macfarlane, Chris Hovens, Niall M. Corcoran, and Kim N. Chi</p><p> </p><p>77. Immunotherapy</p><p>Nicola E. Annels and Hardev Pandha</p><p> </p><p>78. Bone Health: Prevention of Skeletal Related Events and Palliative Care</p><p>Jean-Baptiste Lattouf and Fred Saad</p><p> </p><p>Section 7: Outcomes and Complications After Treatment</p><p>Editors: Mark Emberton, Brent Hollenbeck, and Tom Lue</p><p> </p><p>79. Assessment of Treatment Outcomes Following Prostate Cancer Therapy</p><p>Paul Cathcart and Mark Emberton</p><p> </p><p>80. Urinary Incontinence</p><p>Ted A. Skolarus</p><p> </p><p>81. Erectile Dysfunction</p><p>Maarten Albersen and Tom F. Lue</p><p> </p><p>82. Immediate/Early Surgical Complications</p><p>Thomas J. Walton and Declan G. Murphy</p><p> </p><p>83. Population-Based Outcomes Following Treatment of Clinically-Localized Prostate Cancer</p><p>Blake Evans and Scott M. Gilbert</p><p> </p><p>84. Management of Radiation Adverse Effects</p><p>Seth A. Strope</p><p> </p><p>85. Management of Complications Following Minimally Invasive Prostate Cancer Therapy</p><p>Paul Cathcart and Anthony J. Costello</p><p> </p><p>Section 8: Management of Emergencies and Palliative Care</p><p>Editors: Steven A. Kaplan and Alexis E. Te</p><p> </p><p>86. Prostate Cancer Emergencies</p><p>Bethan C. Hickerton, Mohamed Abdulmajed, Manit Arya, and Iqbal S. Shergill</p><p> </p><p>87. Management of Bone Metastases</p><p>Keen Hun Tai and Farshad Foroudi</p><p> </p><p>88. Pain Relief in Metastatic Cancer</p><p>Odette Spruyt and Natasha Michael</p><p> </p><p>89. The Psycho-Social Impact of Prostate Cancer</p><p>Addie Wooten and Heather Siddons</p><p> </p><p>90. Nursing Issues in Prostate Cancer</p>Helen Crowe