Evidence Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

<p>Table of Contents</p><p>Preface</p><p>Contributors</p><p>I. The Problem and Available Resources</p>1. Introduction to Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine <p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Mark Wick</p><p>. Evidence-Based Pathology: A Stable Set of Principles for a Rapidly Evolving Specialty <p>José Costa and Sarah Whitaker</p><p>3. What Is Best Evidence in Pathology?<p>Peter J. Saunders and Christopher N. Otis</p><p>4. Biostatistics 101</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>5. Prognostication and Prediction in Anatomic Pathology: Carcinoma of the Breast as an Illustrative Model<p>Mark R. Wick and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>6. Principles of Classification and Diagnosis in Anatomic Pathology and the Inevitability of Problem Cases</p><p>Michael Hendrickson</p><p>7. Evaluating Oncopathological Studies: The Need to Evaluate the Internal and External Validity of Study Results</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p><p>8. Power Analysis and Sample Sizes in Pathology Research</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>9. Meta-Analysis: A Statistical Method to Integrate Information Provided by Different Studies </p><p>Eleftherios C. Vamvakas</p><p>10. Decision Analysis and Decision Support Systems in Anatomic Pathology</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p>II. Solutions Offered by Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine11. Evidence-Based Approach to Evaluate Information Published in the Pathology Literature and Integrate It with Personal Experience <p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Mark Wick</p><p>12. Evidence-Based Cell Pathology Re-visited:  A Personal View</p><p>Kenneth Fleming<p>13. Development of Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic/Predictive Models: Experience at Cedars Sinai Medical Center</p><p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Ruta Gupta</p><p>14. Evaluation and Reduction of Diagnostic Errors in Pathology Using an Evidence-Based Approach</p><p>Raouf E. Nakhleh</p><p>15. Metaanalysis 101 for Pathologists</p><p>Ruta Gupta and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>16. Evidence-Based Practices in Applied Immunohistochemistry: Dilemmas Caused by Cross-Purposes<p>Mark R. Wick, Paul E. Swanson, and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>17. Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Molecular Pathology Era: Transition of Tests from the Research Bench into Practice</p><p>Jia-Perng Jennifer Wei and Wayne W. Grody</p><p>18. The Use of Decision Analysis Tools for the Selection of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Developing Diagnostic and Forecasting Models Using Laboratory Evidence</p><p>Ji Yeon Kim, Elizabeth M. Van Cott, and Kent B. Lewandrowski^{<p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>}</p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>José Costa and Sarah Whitaker</p><p>3. What Is Best Evidence in Pathology?<p>Peter J. Saunders and Christopher N. Otis</p><p>4. Biostatistics 101</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>5. Prognostication and Prediction in Anatomic Pathology: Carcinoma of the Breast as an Illustrative Model<p>Mark R. Wick and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>6. Principles of Classification and Diagnosis in Anatomic Pathology and the Inevitability of Problem Cases</p><p>Michael Hendrickson</p><p>7. Evaluating Oncopathological Studies: The Need to Evaluate the Internal and External Validity of Study Results</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p><p>8. Power Analysis and Sample Sizes in Pathology Research</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>9. Meta-Analysis: A Statistical Method to Integrate Information Provided by Different Studies </p><p>Eleftherios C. Vamvakas</p><p>10. Decision Analysis and Decision Support Systems in Anatomic Pathology</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p>II. Solutions Offered by Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine11. Evidence-Based Approach to Evaluate Information Published in the Pathology Literature and Integrate It with Personal Experience <p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Mark Wick</p><p>12. Evidence-Based Cell Pathology Re-visited:  A Personal View</p><p>Kenneth Fleming<p>13. Development of Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic/Predictive Models: Experience at Cedars Sinai Medical Center</p><p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Ruta Gupta</p><p>14. Evaluation and Reduction of Diagnostic Errors in Pathology Using an Evidence-Based Approach</p><p>Raouf E. Nakhleh</p><p>15. Metaanalysis 101 for Pathologists</p><p>Ruta Gupta and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>16. Evidence-Based Practices in Applied Immunohistochemistry: Dilemmas Caused by Cross-Purposes<p>Mark R. Wick, Paul E. Swanson, and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>17. Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Molecular Pathology Era: Transition of Tests from the Research Bench into Practice</p><p>Jia-Perng Jennifer Wei and Wayne W. Grody</p><p>18. The Use of Decision Analysis Tools for the Selection of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Developing Diagnostic and Forecasting Models Using Laboratory Evidence</p><p>Ji Yeon Kim, Elizabeth M. Van Cott, and Kent B. Lewandrowski^{<p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>}</p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>Peter J. Saunders and Christopher N. Otis</p><p>4. Biostatistics 101</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>5. Prognostication and Prediction in Anatomic Pathology: Carcinoma of the Breast as an Illustrative Model<p>Mark R. Wick and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>6. Principles of Classification and Diagnosis in Anatomic Pathology and the Inevitability of Problem Cases</p><p>Michael Hendrickson</p><p>7. Evaluating Oncopathological Studies: The Need to Evaluate the Internal and External Validity of Study Results</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p><p>8. Power Analysis and Sample Sizes in Pathology Research</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>9. Meta-Analysis: A Statistical Method to Integrate Information Provided by Different Studies </p><p>Eleftherios C. Vamvakas</p><p>10. Decision Analysis and Decision Support Systems in Anatomic Pathology</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p>II. Solutions Offered by Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine11. Evidence-Based Approach to Evaluate Information Published in the Pathology Literature and Integrate It with Personal Experience <p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Mark Wick</p><p>12. Evidence-Based Cell Pathology Re-visited:  A Personal View</p><p>Kenneth Fleming<p>13. Development of Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic/Predictive Models: Experience at Cedars Sinai Medical Center</p><p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Ruta Gupta</p><p>14. Evaluation and Reduction of Diagnostic Errors in Pathology Using an Evidence-Based Approach</p><p>Raouf E. Nakhleh</p><p>15. Metaanalysis 101 for Pathologists</p><p>Ruta Gupta and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>16. Evidence-Based Practices in Applied Immunohistochemistry: Dilemmas Caused by Cross-Purposes<p>Mark R. Wick, Paul E. Swanson, and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>17. Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Molecular Pathology Era: Transition of Tests from the Research Bench into Practice</p><p>Jia-Perng Jennifer Wei and Wayne W. Grody</p><p>18. The Use of Decision Analysis Tools for the Selection of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Developing Diagnostic and Forecasting Models Using Laboratory Evidence</p><p>Ji Yeon Kim, Elizabeth M. Van Cott, and Kent B. Lewandrowski^{<p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>}</p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>6. Principles of Classification and Diagnosis in Anatomic Pathology and the Inevitability of Problem Cases</p><p>Michael Hendrickson</p><p>7. Evaluating Oncopathological Studies: The Need to Evaluate the Internal and External Validity of Study Results</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p><p>8. Power Analysis and Sample Sizes in Pathology Research</p><p>Robin T. Vollmer</p><p>9. Meta-Analysis: A Statistical Method to Integrate Information Provided by Different Studies </p><p>Eleftherios C. Vamvakas</p><p>10. Decision Analysis and Decision Support Systems in Anatomic Pathology</p><p>Michael Hendrickson and Bonnie Balzer</p>II. Solutions Offered by Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine11. Evidence-Based Approach to Evaluate Information Published in the Pathology Literature and Integrate It with Personal Experience <p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Mark Wick</p><p>12. Evidence-Based Cell Pathology Re-visited:  A Personal View</p><p>Kenneth Fleming<p>13. Development of Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic/Predictive Models: Experience at Cedars Sinai Medical Center</p><p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Ruta Gupta</p><p>14. Evaluation and Reduction of Diagnostic Errors in Pathology Using an Evidence-Based Approach</p><p>Raouf E. Nakhleh</p><p>15. Metaanalysis 101 for Pathologists</p><p>Ruta Gupta and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>16. Evidence-Based Practices in Applied Immunohistochemistry: Dilemmas Caused by Cross-Purposes<p>Mark R. Wick, Paul E. Swanson, and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>17. Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Molecular Pathology Era: Transition of Tests from the Research Bench into Practice</p><p>Jia-Perng Jennifer Wei and Wayne W. Grody</p><p>18. The Use of Decision Analysis Tools for the Selection of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Developing Diagnostic and Forecasting Models Using Laboratory Evidence</p><p>Ji Yeon Kim, Elizabeth M. Van Cott, and Kent B. Lewandrowski^{<p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>}</p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>13. Development of Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic/Predictive Models: Experience at Cedars Sinai Medical Center</p><p>Alberto M. Marchevsky and Ruta Gupta</p><p>14. Evaluation and Reduction of Diagnostic Errors in Pathology Using an Evidence-Based Approach</p><p>Raouf E. Nakhleh</p><p>15. Metaanalysis 101 for Pathologists</p><p>Ruta Gupta and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>16. Evidence-Based Practices in Applied Immunohistochemistry: Dilemmas Caused by Cross-Purposes<p>Mark R. Wick, Paul E. Swanson, and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>17. Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Molecular Pathology Era: Transition of Tests from the Research Bench into Practice</p><p>Jia-Perng Jennifer Wei and Wayne W. Grody</p><p>18. The Use of Decision Analysis Tools for the Selection of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Developing Diagnostic and Forecasting Models Using Laboratory Evidence</p><p>Ji Yeon Kim, Elizabeth M. Van Cott, and Kent B. Lewandrowski^{<p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>}</p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p></p><p>Mark R. Wick, Paul E. Swanson, and Alberto M. Marchevsky</p><p>17. Evidence-Based Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in the Molecular Pathology Era: Transition of Tests from the Research Bench into Practice</p><p>Jia-Perng Jennifer Wei and Wayne W. Grody</p><p>18. The Use of Decision Analysis Tools for the Selection of Clinical Laboratory Tests: Developing Diagnostic and Forecasting Models Using Laboratory Evidence</p><p>Ji Yeon Kim, Elizabeth M. Van Cott, and Kent B. Lewandrowski^{<p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>}</p><p>19. Implementation and Benefits of Computerized Physician Order Entry and Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems<p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p></p><p>Stacy E. F. Melanson, Aileen P. Morrison, David W. Bates, and Milenko J. Tanasijevic </p><p>20. Evidence-Based Pathology and Tort Law: How Do They Compare?<p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p>Mark R. Wick and Elliott Foucar</p><p>Index</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>