The Intensive Care Unit Manual

<p>Section I. Basic Pathophysiologic Principles and Their Application in the Intensive Care Unit</p> <p>1. Approach to Acute Respiratory Failure </p> <p>2. Approach to Mechanical Ventilation</p> <p>3. Noninvasive Ventilation</p> <p>4. Liberation and Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation and Extubation</p> <p>5. Sedation and Analgesia during Mechanical Ventilation</p> <p>6. Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents</p> <p>7. Assessment and Monitoring of Hemodynamic Function </p> <p>8. Cardiogenic Shock and Other Pump Failure States </p> <p>9. Hemorrhagic Shock</p> <p>10. Septic Shock</p> <p>11. Vascular Access Issues and Procedures </p> <p>Section II. Supportive Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients</p> <p>12. Approach to Supportive Care and Noninvasive Bedside Monitoring </p> <p>13. Management of the Critical Care Patient </p> <p>14. Health Care- Associated Infections </p> <p>15. Nutritional Therapy</p> <p>16. Nutrition-Related Access Procedures </p> <p>17. Pharmacokinetic Alterations in the Critically Ill</p> <p>18. Rational Use of Antimicrobials </p> <p>19. Rational Use of Blood Products</p> <p>Section III. Specialized Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients</p> <p>20. Renal Replacement Therapy</p> <p>21. Rehabilitation Interventions and Recovery from Critical Illness</p> <p>22. Swallowing and Communication Disorders</p> <p>23. Care of the Patient Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection </p> <p>24. Care of the Cancer Patient with Neutropenia or Thrombocytopenia </p> <p>25. Care of the Challenge-to-Wean Patient</p> <p>26. Care of the Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease </p> <p>27. Care of the Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease</p> <p>28. Care of the Maternal-Fetal Unit </p> <p>29. Care of the Patient with Morbid Obesity</p> <p>Section IV. Problems Arising in the Intensive Care Unit Setting: Evaluation and Management</p> <p>30. Airways and Emergency Airway Management </p> <p>31. Alcohol Withdrawal: Diagnosis and Management</p> <p>32. Allergies to Antibiotics</p> <p>33. Arrhythmias (Bradycardias) </p> <p>34. Arrhythmias (Tachycardias) </p> <p>35. Barotrauma and Chest Tubes </p> <p>36. Change in Mental Status</p> <p>37. Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: Diagnosis and Treatment</p> <p>38. Diarrhea Developing in the Intensive Care Unit Patient </p> <p>39. Electrolyte Disorders </p> <p>40. Ileus</p> <p>41. Increased Intracranial Pressure</p> <p>42. Pressure Ulcers: Prevention and Management</p> <p>43. Skin Rashes</p> <p>44. Sleep Disturbances in the Intensive Care Unit</p> <p>45. Thrombocytopenia</p> <p>46. Transfusion Reactions </p> <p>47. Ventilator Alarm Situations </p> <p>48. Weakness Developing in Intensive Care Unit Patient</p> <p>Section V. Presenting Problems for Intensive Care Unit Admission</p> <p>Cardiovascular</p> <p>49. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Therapeutic Hypothermia</p> <p>50. Chest Pain and Myocardial Ischemia</p> <p>51. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections </p> <p>52. Acute Heart Failure Syndromes</p> <p>53. Hypertensive Crisis and Management of Hypertension </p> <p>54. Pericardial Tamponade</p> <p>Environmental</p> <p>55. Hypothermia and Hyperthermia</p> <p>56. Smoke Inhalation and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning</p> <p>57. Drug Overdoses and Toxic Ingestions</p> <p>Gastrointestinal</p> <p>58. Acute Pancreatitis</p> <p>59. Acute Liver Failure</p> <p>60. Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Colitis</p> <p>61. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding </p> <p>Hematologic</p> <p>62. Hemolytic Anemia</p> <p>63. Idiopathic and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenias</p> <p>Infections</p> <p>64. Acute Central Nervous System Infections </p> <p>65. Community-Acquired Pneumonia</p> <p>66. Necrotizing Fasciitis and Related Soft Tissue Infections</p> <p>Neurologic</p> <p>67. Acute Neuromuscular Weakness </p> <p>68. Brain Death and Management of Potential Organ Donors </p> <p>69. Neurological Assessment and Prognosis after Cardiopulmonary Arrest </p> <p>70. Status Epilepticus</p> <p>71. Stroke</p> <p>Obstetric</p> <p>72. Obstetric and Postobstetric Complications</p> <p>Respiratory </p> <p>73. Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome </p> <p>74. Alternate Modes of Ventilation for Acute Lung Injury </p> <p>75. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Asthma</p> <p>76. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease </p> <p>77. Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism</p> <p>78. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage </p> <p>79. Massive Hemoptysis</p> <p>80. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and Other Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders</p> <p>Renal/Metabolic/Endocrine</p> <p>81. Acute Kidney Injury and Rhabdomyolysis </p> <p>82. Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State, and Alcoholic Ketoacidosis </p> <p>83. Metabolic Acidoses and Alkaloses </p> <p>84. Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia </p> <p>85. Thyroid and Adrenal Disorders in the Intensive Care Unit</p> <p>Surgical-General</p> <p>86. Perioperative Approach to the High-Risk Surgical Patient </p> <p>87. Management of Postoperative and Other Acute Pain</p> <p>Surgical-Specialized</p> <p>88. Cardiac Surgery</p> <p>89. Craniotomy </p> <p>90. Major Abdominal Surgery: Postoperative Considerations</p> <p>91. Major Tissue Flaps</p> <p>92. Major Vascular Procedures</p> <p>93. Perioperative Care of the Morbidly Obese Patient</p> <p>94. Thoracic Surgical Patient </p> <p>Trauma</p> <p>95. Approach to the Trauma Patient </p> <p>96. Critical Care for the Orthopedic Patient</p> <p>97. Abdominal Trauma </p> <p>98. Extremity and Major Vascular Trauma </p> <p>99. Head Trauma</p> <p>100. Thoracic Trauma </p> <p>101. Spinal Injury</p> <p>Section VI. Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills </p> <p>102. Ethical Principles, Communication, and End-of-Life Care</p> <p>103. Teamwork and Collaborative Practice in the Intensive Care Unit</p> <p>104. Family-Centered Care and Communication with Families of Intensive Care Unit Patients</p> <p>105. Providing Culturally Competent Care</p> <p>106. Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness in Medical Housestaff and Appropriate Countermeasures</p> <p>Systems-Based Practice</p> <p>107. Medical Errors and Patient Safety </p> <p>108. Medical Malpractice, Risk Management, and Chart Documentation</p> <p>109. Long-Term Acute Care in the Spectrum of Critical Care Medicine</p> <p>110. Rapid Response Systems: Rapid Response Teams and Medical Emergency Teams</p> <p>111. Telemedicine Applied to the Intensive Care Unit</p> <p>112. Transporting the Intensive Care Unit Patient</p> <p>Appendix</p> <p>A. Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curves</p> <p>B. Tidal Volume Ratios (V<SUB>D</SUB>/V<SUB>T</SUB>)</p> <p>C. Palliative Drug Therapy for Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation</p> <p>D. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Algorithms</p> <p>E. Tables of Height, Predicted Body Weight (PBW), and Tidal Volumes of 4-to-8 mL/kg PBW for Females and Males</p>