Contributors. Preface. Introduction.- Part 1: Approaches to Question Answering. Some Advanced Features of LCC’s Poweranswer. A Statistical Approach for Open Domain Question Answering. Coreference in Q & A.- Part 2: Question Processing. Questions and Intentions. Question Answering as Dialogue with Data. Coping with Alternate Formulations of Questions and Answers.- Part 3: Question Answering as Information Retrieval. Sentence Ranking Using Keywords and Meta-Keywords. Question Answering by Passage Selection. Query Modulation for Web-Based Question Answering.- Part 4: Answer Extraction. Question Answering by Predictive Annotation. Question Answering Supported by Multiple Levels of Information Extraction. How to Select an Answer String?.- Part 5: Evaluating Question Answering Systems. Evaluating Question Answering System Performance. Evaluating Interactive Question Answering. Habitability in Question-Answering Systems.- Part 6: Perspectives on Question Answering. Question Answering: Technology for Intelligence Analysis. Reverse-Engineering Question/Answer Collections from Ordinary Text. New Directions in Question Answering.- Index.