Outcomes of Transformation; D.Lane PART I: SOCIAL FORCES AND TRANSFORMATION Communist Nostalgia and its Consequences in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine; S.White The Social Bases of Reform and Anti-Reform in Russia and Ukraine; D.Lane Why Labour Turns to the Right: Social Forces in the Post-Communist Transition; D.Ost PART II: OUTCOMES OF TRANSFORMATION: CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE The European Union's Influence on the Development of Capitalism in Central Europe; P.Hanson The Outcomes of the Czech Economic Transformation; M.Myant The Integration of the GDR into the Federal Republic: Challenges and Constraints; R.Schmidt The Russian Transformation: A New Form of Etacratism; O.Shkaratan PART III: CONSOLIDATION OF NEW REGIMES: THE PROBLEM OF INEQUALITY Effects of Transformation on Inequality in Russia; N.Manning Inequalities in Health and Health Care in Post Communist Europe; P.Watson Rapid Large Scale Privatization and the Post Communist Mortality Crisis; L.King & D.Stuckler PART IV: ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS: REFORM WITHOUT SYSTEM CHANGE? Belarus: A Market Socialism Prototype?; M.Nuti Transnational Ties and Transformation of Cuban Socialism; S.Eckstein Change and Continuity in North Korea; S.Kwon The Impact of the Demise of State Socialism on China; J.Wilson The Consequences of Transformation on the Third World; S.Mizobata