Western Heritage, The

<p>INTRODUCTION: The West before 1300<br>Early Humans and Their Culture<br>The Paleolithic Age<br>The Neolithic Age<br>Early Civilizations to about 1000 B.C.E.<br>Mesopotamian Civilization<br>Egyptian Civilization<br>Palestine and the Religion of the Israelites<br>The Greeks<br>The Polis<br>Greek Political Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis<br>The Empire of Alexander the Great<br>Rome<br>The Republic and Expansion in the Mediterranean<br>From Republic to Empire<br>The Principate and the Empire<br>Christianity<br>Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire<br>Europe Enters the Middle Ages<br>The Byzantine Empire<br>The Rise of Islam<br>New Importance of the Christian Church<br>Charlemagne<br>Feudal and Manorial Society<br>Church and State in the High Middle Ages<br>The Division of Christendom<br>The Rise of Towns<br>The Crusades<br>The Rise of New Monarchies<br>Universities and Scholasticism<br>In Perspective<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>PART 3: EUROPE IN TRANSITION</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>CHAPTER 9 The Late&nbsp; Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300—1453)</p> <p>The Black Death</p> <p>Preconditions and Causes of the Plague</p> <p>Popular Remedies</p> <p>Social and Economic Consequences</p> <p>New Conflicts and Opportunities</p> <p>The Hundred Years’ War and the Rise of National Sentiment</p> <p>The Causes of the War</p> <p>Progress of the War</p> <p>Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church</p> <p>The Thirteenth-Century Papacy</p> <p>Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair</p> <p>The Avignon Papacy (1309—1377)</p> <p>John Wycliffe and John Huss</p> <p>The Great Schism (1378—1417) and the Conciliar Movement to 1449</p> <p>Medieval Russia</p> <p>Politics and Society</p> <p>Mongol Rule (1243—1480)</p> <p>In Perspective</p> <p>A Closer Look: The Encampment of the Imperial Army</p> <p>Compare &amp; Connect: Who Runs the World: Priests or Princes?</p> <p>Encountering the Past: Dealing with Death</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>CHAPTER 10 Renaissance and Discovery </p> <p>The Renaissance in Italy (1375–1527)</p> <p>The Italian City-State</p> <p>Humanism</p> <p>Renaissance Art</p> <p>Slavery in the Renaissance</p> <p>Italy’s Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494–1527)</p> <p>Charles VIII’s March through Italy</p> <p>Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family</p> <p>Pope Julius II</p> <p>Niccolò Machiavelli</p> <p>Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe</p> <p>France</p> <p>Spain</p> <p>England</p> <p>The Holy Roman Empire</p> <p>The Northern Renaissance</p> <p>The Printing Press</p> <p>Erasmus</p> <p>Humanism and Reform</p> <p>Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East</p> <p>The Portuguese Chart the Course</p> <p>The Spanish Voyages of Columbus</p> <p>The Spanish Empire in the New World</p> <p>The Church in Spanish America</p> <p>The Economy of Exploitation</p> <p>The Impact on Europe</p> <p>In Perspective</p> <p>A Closer Look: Leonardo Plots the Perfect Man</p> <p>Compare &amp; Connect: Is the Renaissance Man a Myth?</p> <p>Encountering the Past: The Renaissance Garden</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>CHAPTER 11 The Age of Reformation</p> <p>Society and Religion</p> <p>Social and Political Conflict</p> <p>Popular Religious Movements and Criticisms of the Church</p> <p>Martin Luther and German Reformation to 1525</p> <p>Justification by Faith Alone</p> <p>The Attack on Indulgences</p> <p>Election of Charles V</p> <p>Luther’</p>