Principles of Biology: 2026 Release ISE

1. An Introduction to Biology<br/>UNIT I Chemistry<br/>2. The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water<br/>3. The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules<br/>UNIT II Cells<br/>4. Origin of Cells and Their Features<br/>5. Membranes: The Interface Between Cells and Their Environment<br/>6. How Cells Utilize Energy<br/>7. How Cells Capture Light Energy via Photosynthesis<br/>8. How Cells Communicate with Each Other and with the Environment<br/>UNIT III Genetics<br/>9. The Information of Life: DNA and RNA Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure<br/>10. The Expression of Genetic Information via Genes I: Transcription and Translation<br/>11. The Expression of Genetic Information via Genes II: Non-coding RNAs<br/>12. The Control of Genetic Information via Gene Regulation<br/>13. Altering the Genetic Material: Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer<br/>14. How Eukaryotic Cells Sort and Transmit Chromosomes: Mitosis and Meiosis<br/>15. Transmission of Genetic Information from Parents to Offspring I: Patterns That Follow Mendel’s Laws<br/>16. Transmission of Genetic Information from Parents to Offspring II: Epigenetics, Linkage, and Extranuclear Inheritance<br/>17. The Simpler Genetic Systems of Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea<br/>18. Genetic Technologies: How Biologists Study Genes and Genomes<br/>UNIT IV Evolution<br/>19. Evolution of Life I: How Populations Change from Generation to Generation<br/>20. Evolution of Life II: The Emergence of New Species<br/>21. How Biologists Classify Species and Study Their Evolutionary Relationships<br/>22. The History of Life on Earth and Human Evolution<br/>UNIT V Diversity<br/>23. Diversity of Microbial Life: Archaea, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi<br/>24. Microbiomes: Microbial Systems on and Around Us<br/>25. Plant Evolution: How Plant Diversification Changed Planet Earth<br/>26. Invertebrates: The Vast Array of Animal Life Without a Backbone<br/>27. Vertebrates: Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals<br/>Unit VI Flowing Plants<br/>28. An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function<br/>29. How Flowering Plants Sense and Interact with Their Environments<br/>30. How Flowering Plants Obtain and Transport Water, Mineral Nutrients, and Organic Compounds<br/>31. How Flowering Plants Reproduce and Develop<br/>Unit VII Animals<br/>32. Animal Bodies and Homeostasis<br/>33. Neuroscience I: The Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems<br/>34. Neuroscience II: How Sensory Systems Allow Animals to Interact with the Environment<br/>35. How Muscles and Skeletons Are Adaptations for Movement, Support, and Protection<br/>36. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems: Transporting Solutes and Exchanging Gases<br/>37. Digestive and Excretory Systems: Maintaining Nutrient, Water, and Energy Balance and Removing Waste<br/>38. How Endocrine Systems Influence the Activities of All Other Organ Systems<br/>39. The Production of Offspring: Reproduction and Development<br/>40. Immune Systems: How Animals Defend Against Pathogens and Other Dangers<br/>41. An Example of a System-Wide Response to a Challenge to Homeostasis<br/>UNIT VIII Ecology<br/>42. Behavioral Ecology: The Struggle to Find Food and Mates and to Pass on Genes<br/>43. Population Growth and Species Interactions<br/>44. Communities and Ecosystems: Ecological Organization at Large Scales<br/>45. Biomes: How Climate Affects the Distribution of Species on Earth<br/>46. The Age of Humans<br/>47. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology