Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology – Development of the Social Brain, Volume 39

<p>Preface ix</p>
<p>List of Contributors xiii</p>
<p>1 The Evolution and Ontogeny of Deep Social Mind and the Social Brain 1<br />Andrew Whiten</p>
<p>Introduction 1</p>
<p>Primate Machiavellian Intelligence and the Social Brain 3</p>
<p>Testing and Elaborating on the Social Brain Hypothesis 5</p>
<p>Primate Social Complexity and Social Cognition 8</p>
<p>From Machiavellian Intelligence to the Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis 9</p>
<p>The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis and the Vygotskian Intelligence Hypothesis 14</p>
<p>The Evolution of Deep Social Mind 15</p>
<p>The Ontogeny of Deep Social Mind: The Life History Matrix 17</p>
<p>Extended Childhood 18</p>
<p>Neoteny 19</p>
<p>The Ontogenetic Development and Evolutionary Foundations of Deep Social Mind and Its Social Brain 20</p>
<p>Cooperation 21</p>
<p>Egalitarian Sharing 22</p>
<p>Mentalizing 25</p>
<p>Cultural Learning and Cumulative Culture 27</p>
<p>Language: Positive Feedback Between Elements of Deep Social Mind 32</p>
<p>Concluding Remarks 34</p>
<p>References 34</p>
<p>Part I: Animal Models of Social Brain Function</p>
<p>2 Neurobiology of Infant Sensitive Period for Attachment and Its Reinstatement Through Maternal Social Buffering 47<br />Regina M. Sullivan and Maya Opendak</p>
<p>Introduction 47</p>
<p>Neurobehavioral Assessment of Learned Maternal Cues During the Attachment Sensitive Period 53</p>
<p>Maternal Control Over Stress Hormones: Social Buffering 56</p>
<p>Changing Neurobehavioral Consequences of Social Buffering 61</p>
<p>Uncovering the Effects of Early–life Adversity 62</p>
<p>Adult Effects of Early–life Abuse Are Rescued by Infant Maternal Odor 63</p>
<p>Concluding Remarks 65</p>
<p>Acknowledgments 66</p>
<p>References 66</p>
<p>3 Marmoset Monkey Vocal Communication: Common Developmental Trajectories With Humans and Possible Mechanisms 87<br />Asif A. Ghazanfar, Daniel Y. Takahashi, Yisi S. Zhang, and Jeremy I. Borjon</p>
<p>Introduction 87</p>
<p>The Marmoset Monkey Model System 88</p>
<p>Babbling and Perinatal Influences on Vocal Output 90</p>
<p>Development of Vocal Turn–taking 96</p>
<p>Turn–taking as the Developmental System Upon Which Infant Vocalizations Are Learned 97</p>
<p>The Autonomic Nervous System as the Engine for Vocal Development 101</p>
<p>Evolutionary Origins 103</p>
<p>Conclusions 104</p>
<p>Acknowledgments 105</p>
<p>References 105</p>
<p>Part II: Higher–Order Human Social Brain Function</p>
<p>4 The Social Brain in Adolescence and Adulthood: Lessons in Mindreading 115<br />David Pollard, Stephanie Burnett Heyes, and Ian Apperly</p>
<p>Introduction: What Am I Thinking? 115</p>
<p>Reading Minds at One s Fourth Birthday Party: The Cognitive Foundations of Mentalizing 117</p>
<p>A Primer for the Neural Foundations of Theory of Mind 118</p>
<p>What the Difficulties of Adults Can Tell Us About Theory of Mind Reasoning 120</p>
<p>Storing and Using Someone s Mental State 121</p>
<p>Inferring Someone s Mental State 122</p>
<p>Use of Mental State Inferences to Guide Social Behavior 124</p>
<p>Reading Minds Like Breathing Air: Automatic Perspective Taking 125</p>
<p>Building a Theory of Mind: Functional and Neural Changes Through Childhood and Adolescence 130</p>
<p>Social Changes 131</p>
<p>Cognitive Changes 132</p>
<p>Neural Changes 133</p>
<p>Conclusion 136</p>
<p>References 137</p>
<p>5 Developmental Social Neuroscience of Morality 147<br />Jean Decety and Jason M. Cowell</p>
<p>Introduction 147</p>
<p>Definitional Issues and Theoretical Perspectives 150</p>
<p>Perception and Sensitivity to Interpersonal Harm 155</p>
<p>Experiencing and Perceiving Pain: The Most Basic Level 156</p>
<p>Early Signs of Emotional Sensitivity 158</p>
<p>Empathic Concern and Its Key Role in Morality 163</p>
<p>Implicit Sociomoral Evaluations 167</p>
<p>Neurodevelopmental Changes in Third–Party Perception of Interpersonal Harm 172</p>
<p>Neurological Lesions That Impair Moral Cognition and Behavior 175</p>
<p>Atypical Functional and Anatomical Connectivity 176</p>
<p>What We Have Learned 179</p>
<p>Where Should Developmental Neuroscience Be Heading? 181</p>
<p>References 183</p>
<p>Part III: Summary and Future Directions</p>
<p>6 Development of the Social Brain: From Mechanisms to Principles 199<br />Ralph Adolphs and Jed T. Elison</p>
<p>Introduction 199</p>
<p>Mechanistic Features of Neural Development 203</p>
<p>The Social Environment: Permissive, Instructive, Enabling, and/or Buffering? 205</p>
<p>Causality: Partial Correlation Versus Temporal Order 208</p>
<p>What Are the Processes? Insights From the Varied Nature of Mentalizing 210</p>
<p>Domain Specificity Revisited 211</p>
<p>From Mechanisms to Principles 212</p>
<p>Acknowledgments 215</p>
<p>References 215</p>
<p>Index 219</p>