Introduction to Biostatistical Applications in Health Research with Microsoft® Office Excel®
Samenvatting
A practical and methodological approach to the statistical logic of biostatistics in the field of health research
Focusing on a basic understanding of the methods and analyses in health research, Introduction to Biostatistical Applications in Health Research with Microsoft® Office Excel® provides statistical concepts for interpreting results using Excel. The book emphasizes the application of methods and presents the most common methodological procedures in health research, which includes multiple regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA, logistic regression, Cox regression, stratified analysis, life table analysis, and nonparametric parallels.
The book is constructed around a flowchart that outlines the appropriate circumstances for selecting a method to analyze a specific set of data. Beginning with an introduction to the foundational methods of statistical logic before moving on to more complex methods, Introduction to Biostatistical Applications in Health Research with Microsoft® Office Excel® also includes:
Detailed discussions of how knowledge and skills in health research have been integrated with biostatistical methods
Numerous examples with clear explanations that use mostly real–world health research data in order to provide a better understanding of the practical applications
Implements Excel graphic representations throughout to help readers evaluate and analyze individual results
An appendix with basic information on how to use Excel
A companion website with additional Excel files, data sets, and homework problems as well as an Instructor s Solutions Manual
Introduction to Biostatistical Applications in Health Research with Microsoft® Office Excel® is an excellent textbook for upper–undergraduate and graduate–level courses in biostatistics and public health. In addition, the book is an appropriate reference for both health researchers and professionals.
Specificaties
Inhoudsopgave
<p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi</p>
<p>NOTICES xiii</p>
<p>ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xv</p>
<p>PART ONE BASIC CONCEPTS 1</p>
<p>1 THINKING ABOUT CHANCE 3</p>
<p>1.1 Properties of Probability / 3</p>
<p>1.2 Combinations of Events / 7</p>
<p>1.2.1 Intersections / 8</p>
<p>1.2.2 Unions / 13</p>
<p>1.3 Bayes Theorem / 15</p>
<p>2 DESCRIBING DISTRIBUTIONS 18</p>
<p>2.1 Types of Data / 19</p>
<p>2.2 Describing Distributions Graphically / 19</p>
<p>2.2.1 Graphing Discrete Data / 20</p>
<p>2.2.2 Graphing Continuous Data / 22</p>
<p>2.3 Describing Distributions Mathematically / 26</p>
<p>2.3.1 Parameter of Location / 27</p>
<p>2.3.2 Parameter of Dispersion / 31</p>
<p>2.4 Taking Chance into Account / 38</p>
<p>2.4.1 Standard Normal Distribution / 39</p>
<p>3 EXAMINING SAMPLES 49</p>
<p>3.1 Nature of Samples / 50</p>
<p>3.2 Estimation / 51</p>
<p>3.2.1 Point Estimates / 51</p>
<p>3.2.2 The Sampling Distribution / 56</p>
<p>3.2.3 Interval Estimates / 60</p>
<p>3.3 Hypothesis Testing / 64</p>
<p>3.3.1 Relationship between Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Testing / 72</p>
<p>PART TWO UNIVARIABLE ANALYSES 75</p>
<p>4 UNIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF A CONTINUOUS DEPENDENT VARIABLE 79</p>
<p>4.1 Student s t–Distribution / 81</p>
<p>4.2 Interval Estimation / 84</p>
<p>4.3 Hypothesis Testing / 86</p>
<p>5 UNIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF AN ORDINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE 90</p>
<p>5.1 Nonparametric Methods / 90</p>
<p>5.2 Estimation / 94</p>
<p>5.3 Wilcoxon Signed–Rank Test / 95</p>
<p>5.4 Statistical Power of Nonparametric Tests / 97</p>
<p>6 UNIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF A NOMINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE 99</p>
<p>6.1 Distribution of Nominal Data / 100</p>
<p>6.2 Point Estimates / 101</p>
<p>6.2.1 Proportions / 101</p>
<p>6.2.2 Rates / 104</p>
<p>6.3 Sampling Distributions / 108</p>
<p>6.3.1 Binomial Distribution / 108</p>
<p>6.3.2 Poisson Distribution / 112</p>
<p>6.4 Interval Estimation / 114</p>
<p>6.5 Hypothesis Testing / 117</p>
<p>PART THREE BIVARIABLE ANALYSES 121</p>
<p>7 BIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF A CONTINUOUS DEPENDENT VARIABLE 123</p>
<p>7.1 Continuous Independent Variable / 123</p>
<p>7.1.1 Regression Analysis / 125</p>
<p>7.1.2 Correlation Analysis / 149</p>
<p>7.2 Ordinal Independent Variable / 165</p>
<p>7.3 Nominal Independent Variable / 166</p>
<p>7.3.1 Estimating the Difference between the Groups / 166</p>
<p>7.3.2 Taking Chance into Account / 167</p>
<p>8 BIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF AN ORDINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE 175</p>
<p>8.1 Ordinal Independent Variable / 176</p>
<p>8.2 Nominal Independent Variable / 184</p>
<p>9 BIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF A NOMINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE 189</p>
<p>9.1 Continuous Independent Variable / 190</p>
<p>9.1.1 Estimation / 191</p>
<p>9.1.2 Hypothesis Testing / 198</p>
<p>9.2 Nominal Independent Variable / 200</p>
<p>9.2.1 Dependent Variable Not Affected by Time: Unpaired Design / 201</p>
<p>9.2.2 Hypothesis Testing / 208</p>
<p>9.2.3 Dependent Variable Not Affected by Time: Paired Design / 218</p>
<p>9.2.4 Dependent Variable Affected by Time / 223</p>
<p>PART FOUR MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSES 227</p>
<p>10 MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF A CONTINUOUS DEPENDENT VARIABLE 229</p>
<p>10.1 Continuous Independent Variables / 230</p>
<p>10.1.1 Multiple Regression Analysis / 231</p>
<p>10.1.2 Multiple Correlation Analysis / 247</p>
<p>10.2 Nominal Independent Variables / 248</p>
<p>10.2.1 Analysis of Variance / 249</p>
<p>10.2.2 Posterior Testing / 258</p>
<p>10.3 Both Continuous and Nominal Independent Variables / 265</p>
<p>10.3.1 Indicator (Dummy) Variables / 266</p>
<p>10.3.2 Interaction Variables / 267</p>
<p>10.3.3 General Linear Model / 273</p>
<p>11 MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF AN ORDINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE 281</p>
<p>11.1 Nonparametric Analysis of Variance / 282</p>
<p>11.2 Posterior Testing / 288</p>
<p>12 MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS OF A NOMINAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE 293</p>
<p>12.1 Continuous And/or Nominal Independent Variables / 294</p>
<p>12.1.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation / 294</p>
<p>12.1.2 Logistic Regression Analysis / 297</p>
<p>12.1.3 Cox Regression Analysis / 306</p>
<p>12.2 Nominal Independent Variables / 307</p>
<p>12.2.1 Stratified Analysis / 308</p>
<p>12.2.2 Relationship between Stratified Analysis and Logistic Regression / 318</p>
<p>12.2.3 Life Table Analysis / 322</p>
<p>APPENDIX A: FLOWCHARTS 335</p>
<p>APPENDIX B: STATISTICAL TABLES 341</p>
<p>APPENDIX C: STANDARD DISTRIBUTIONS 377</p>
<p>APPENDIX D: EXCEL PRIMER 380</p>
<p>INDEX 385</p>