Ian (Independent Consultant) Moir,
I Moir,
Allan (BAE Systems, UK) Seabridge,
Malcolm (Smiths Group, Cheltenham, UK) Jukes
e.a.
John Wiley & Sons
2e druk, 2013
9781118341803
Civil Avionics Systems 2e
Specificaties
Gebonden, 602 blz.
|
Engels
John Wiley & Sons |
2e druk, 2013
ISBN13: 9781118341803
Rubricering
Onderdeel van serie
Aerospace Series
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 9 werkdagen
Samenvatting
Civil Avionics Systems, Second Edition, is an updated and in–depth practical guide to integrated avionic systems as applied to civil aircraft and this new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in modern avionics. It describes avionic systems and potential developments in the field to help educate students and practitioners in the process of designing, building and operating modern aircraft in the contemporary aviation system.
Integration is a predominant theme of this book, as aircraft systems are becoming more integrated and complex, but so is the economic, political and technical environment in which they operate.
Key features:
Content is based on many years of practical industrial experience by the authors on a range of civil and military projects
Generates an understanding of the integration and interconnectedness of systems in modern complex aircraft
Updated contents in the light of latest applications
Substantial new material has been included in the areas of avionics technology, software and system safety
The authors are all recognised experts in the field and between them have over 140 years experience in the aircraft industry. Their direct and accessible style ensures that Civil Avionics Systems, Second Edition is a must–have guide to integrated avionic systems in modern aircraft for those in the aerospace industry and academia.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9781118341803
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:gebonden
Aantal pagina's:602
Uitgever:John Wiley & Sons
Druk:2
Serie:Aerospace Series
Inhoudsopgave
<p>About the Authors xix</p>
<p>Series Preface xxi</p>
<p>Preface to Second Edition xxii</p>
<p>Preface to First Edition xxiii</p>
<p>Acknowledgements xxv</p>
<p>List of Abbreviations xxvi</p>
<p>1 Introduction 1</p>
<p>1.1 Advances since 2003 1</p>
<p>1.2 Comparison of Boeing and Airbus Solutions 2</p>
<p>1.3 Outline of Book Content 2</p>
<p>1.4 The Appendices 4</p>
<p>2 Avionics Technology 7</p>
<p>2.1 Introduction 7</p>
<p>2.2 Avionics Technology Evolution 8</p>
<p>2.3 Avionics Computing 11</p>
<p>2.4 Digital Systems Input and Output 19</p>
<p>2.5 Binary Arithmetic 29</p>
<p>2.6 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) 34</p>
<p>2.7 Software 43</p>
<p>2.8 Microprocessors 53</p>
<p>2.9 Memory Technologies 59</p>
<p>2.10 Application–Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) 64</p>
<p>2.11 Integrated Circuits 70</p>
<p>2.12 Integrated Circuit Packaging 73</p>
<p>3 Data Bus Networks 79</p>
<p>3.1 Introduction 79</p>
<p>3.2 Digital Data Bus Basics 80</p>
<p>3.3 Transmission Protocols 84</p>
<p>3.4 ARINC 429 88</p>
<p>3.5 MIL–STD–1553B 91</p>
<p>3.6 ARINC 629 97</p>
<p>3.7 ARINC 664 Part 7 100</p>
<p>3.8 CANbus 110</p>
<p>3.9 Time Triggered Protocol 113</p>
<p>3.10 Fibre–optic Data Communications 113</p>
<p>3.11 Data Bus Summary 115</p>
<p>4 System Safety 119</p>
<p>4.1 Introduction 119</p>
<p>4.2 Flight Safety 120</p>
<p>4.3 System Safety Assessment 124</p>
<p>4.4 Reliability 128</p>
<p>4.5 Availability 134</p>
<p>4.6 Integrity 138</p>
<p>4.7 Redundancy 141</p>
<p>4.8 Analysis Methods 148</p>
<p>4.9 Other Considerations 151</p>
<p>5 Avionics Architectures 159</p>
<p>5.1 Introduction 159</p>
<p>5.2 Avionics Architecture Evolution 159</p>
<p>5.3 Avionic Systems Domains 169</p>
<p>5.4 Avionics Architecture Examples 172</p>
<p>5.5 IMA Design Principles 188</p>
<p>5.6 The Virtual System 189</p>
<p>5.7 Partitioning 194</p>
<p>5.8 IMA Fault Tolerance 195</p>
<p>5.9 Network Definition 197</p>
<p>5.10 Certification 198</p>
<p>5.11 IMA Standards 201</p>
<p>6 Systems Development 205</p>
<p>6.1 Introduction 205</p>
<p>6.2 System Design Guidelines 206</p>
<p>6.3 Interrelationship of Design Processes 210</p>
<p>6.4 Requirements Capture and Analysis 213</p>
<p>6.5 Development Processes 217</p>
<p>6.6 Development Programme 224</p>
<p>6.7 Extended Operations Requirements 226</p>
<p>6.8 ARINC Specifications and Design Rigour 229</p>
<p>6.9 Interface Control 231</p>
<p>7 Electrical Systems 235</p>
<p>7.1 Electrical Systems Overview 235</p>
<p>7.2 Electrical Power Generation 239</p>
<p>7.3 Power Distribution and Protection 248</p>
<p>7.4 Emergency Power 254</p>
<p>7.5 Power System Architectures 259</p>
<p>7.6 Aircraft Wiring 268</p>
<p>7.7 Electrical Installation 276</p>
<p>7.8 Bonding and Earthing 280</p>
<p>7.9 Signal Conditioning 282</p>
<p>7.10 Central Maintenance Systems 284</p>
<p>8 Sensors 291</p>
<p>8.1 Introduction 291</p>
<p>8.2 Air Data Sensors 292</p>
<p>8.3 Magnetic Sensors 301</p>
<p>8.4 Inertial Sensors 306</p>
<p>8.5 Combined Air Data and Inertial 317</p>
<p>8.6 Radar Sensors 323</p>
<p>9 Communications and Navigation Aids 329</p>
<p>9.1 Introduction 329</p>
<p>9.2 Communications 332</p>
<p>9.3 Ground–Based Navigation Aids 347</p>
<p>9.4 Instrument Landing Systems 350</p>
<p>9.5 Space–Based Navigation Systems 354</p>
<p>9.6 Communications Control Systems 362</p>
<p>10 Flight Control Systems 365</p>
<p>10.1 Principles of Flight Control 365</p>
<p>10.2 Flight Control Elements 368</p>
<p>10.3 Flight Control Actuation 371</p>
<p>10.4 Principles of Fly–By–Wire 379</p>
<p>10.5 Boeing 777 Flight Control System 383</p>
<p>10.6 Airbus Flight Control Systems 389</p>
<p>10.7 Autopilot Flight Director System 396</p>
<p>10.8 Flight Data Recorders 401</p>
<p>11 Navigation Systems 405</p>
<p>11.1 Principles of Navigation 405</p>
<p>11.2 Flight Management System 413</p>
<p>11.3 Electronic Flight Bag 427</p>
<p>11.4 Air Traffic Management 430</p>
<p>11.5 Performance–Based Navigation 433</p>
<p>11.6 Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast 442</p>
<p>11.7 Boeing and Airbus Implementations 442</p>
<p>11.8 Terrain Avoidance Warning System (TAWS) 444</p>
<p>12 Flight Deck Displays 449</p>
<p>12.1 Introduction 449</p>
<p>12.2 First Generation Flight Deck: the Electromagnetic Era 450</p>
<p>12.3 Second Generation Flight Deck: the Electro–Optic Era 455</p>
<p>12.4 Third Generation: the Next Generation Flight Deck 463</p>
<p>12.5 Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) System 465</p>
<p>12.6 Standby Instruments 468</p>
<p>12.7 Head–Up Display Visual Guidance System (HVGS) 469</p>
<p>12.8 Enhanced and Synthetic Vision Systems 473</p>
<p>12.9 Display System Architectures 486</p>
<p>12.9.1 Airworthiness Regulations 486</p>
<p>12.9.2 Display Availability and Integrity 486</p>
<p>12.9.3 Display System Functional Elements 487</p>
<p>12.9.4 Dumb Display Architecture 488</p>
<p>12.9.5 Semi–Smart Display Architecture 490</p>
<p>12.9.6 Fully Smart (Integrated) Display Architecture 490</p>
<p>12.10 Display Usability 491</p>
<p>12.11 Display Technologies 498</p>
<p>12.12 Flight Control Inceptors 506</p>
<p>13 Military Aircraft Adaptations 511</p>
<p>13.1 Introduction 511</p>
<p>13.2 Avionic and Mission System Interface 512</p>
<p>13.3 Applications 519</p>
<p>Reference 531</p>
<p>Further Reading 531</p>
<p>Appendices 533</p>
<p>Introduction to Appendices 533</p>
<p>Appendix A: Safety Analysis Flight Control System 534</p>
<p>A.1 Flight Control System Architecture 534</p>
<p>A.2 Dependency Diagram 535</p>
<p>A.3 Fault Tree Analysis 537</p>
<p>Appendix B: Safety Analysis Electronic Flight Instrument System 539</p>
<p>B.1 Electronic Flight Instrument System Architecture 539</p>
<p>B.2 Fault Tree Analysis 540</p>
<p>Appendix C: Safety Analysis Electrical System 543</p>
<p>C.1 Electrical System Architecture 543</p>
<p>C.2 Fault Tree Analysis 543</p>
<p>Appendix D: Safety Analysis Engine Control System 546</p>
<p>D.1 Factors Resulting in an In–Flight Shut Down 546</p>
<p>D.2 Engine Control System Architecture 546</p>
<p>D.3 Markov Analysis 548</p>
<p>Simplified Example (all failure rates per flight hour) 549</p>
<p>Index 551</p>
<p>Series Preface xxi</p>
<p>Preface to Second Edition xxii</p>
<p>Preface to First Edition xxiii</p>
<p>Acknowledgements xxv</p>
<p>List of Abbreviations xxvi</p>
<p>1 Introduction 1</p>
<p>1.1 Advances since 2003 1</p>
<p>1.2 Comparison of Boeing and Airbus Solutions 2</p>
<p>1.3 Outline of Book Content 2</p>
<p>1.4 The Appendices 4</p>
<p>2 Avionics Technology 7</p>
<p>2.1 Introduction 7</p>
<p>2.2 Avionics Technology Evolution 8</p>
<p>2.3 Avionics Computing 11</p>
<p>2.4 Digital Systems Input and Output 19</p>
<p>2.5 Binary Arithmetic 29</p>
<p>2.6 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) 34</p>
<p>2.7 Software 43</p>
<p>2.8 Microprocessors 53</p>
<p>2.9 Memory Technologies 59</p>
<p>2.10 Application–Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) 64</p>
<p>2.11 Integrated Circuits 70</p>
<p>2.12 Integrated Circuit Packaging 73</p>
<p>3 Data Bus Networks 79</p>
<p>3.1 Introduction 79</p>
<p>3.2 Digital Data Bus Basics 80</p>
<p>3.3 Transmission Protocols 84</p>
<p>3.4 ARINC 429 88</p>
<p>3.5 MIL–STD–1553B 91</p>
<p>3.6 ARINC 629 97</p>
<p>3.7 ARINC 664 Part 7 100</p>
<p>3.8 CANbus 110</p>
<p>3.9 Time Triggered Protocol 113</p>
<p>3.10 Fibre–optic Data Communications 113</p>
<p>3.11 Data Bus Summary 115</p>
<p>4 System Safety 119</p>
<p>4.1 Introduction 119</p>
<p>4.2 Flight Safety 120</p>
<p>4.3 System Safety Assessment 124</p>
<p>4.4 Reliability 128</p>
<p>4.5 Availability 134</p>
<p>4.6 Integrity 138</p>
<p>4.7 Redundancy 141</p>
<p>4.8 Analysis Methods 148</p>
<p>4.9 Other Considerations 151</p>
<p>5 Avionics Architectures 159</p>
<p>5.1 Introduction 159</p>
<p>5.2 Avionics Architecture Evolution 159</p>
<p>5.3 Avionic Systems Domains 169</p>
<p>5.4 Avionics Architecture Examples 172</p>
<p>5.5 IMA Design Principles 188</p>
<p>5.6 The Virtual System 189</p>
<p>5.7 Partitioning 194</p>
<p>5.8 IMA Fault Tolerance 195</p>
<p>5.9 Network Definition 197</p>
<p>5.10 Certification 198</p>
<p>5.11 IMA Standards 201</p>
<p>6 Systems Development 205</p>
<p>6.1 Introduction 205</p>
<p>6.2 System Design Guidelines 206</p>
<p>6.3 Interrelationship of Design Processes 210</p>
<p>6.4 Requirements Capture and Analysis 213</p>
<p>6.5 Development Processes 217</p>
<p>6.6 Development Programme 224</p>
<p>6.7 Extended Operations Requirements 226</p>
<p>6.8 ARINC Specifications and Design Rigour 229</p>
<p>6.9 Interface Control 231</p>
<p>7 Electrical Systems 235</p>
<p>7.1 Electrical Systems Overview 235</p>
<p>7.2 Electrical Power Generation 239</p>
<p>7.3 Power Distribution and Protection 248</p>
<p>7.4 Emergency Power 254</p>
<p>7.5 Power System Architectures 259</p>
<p>7.6 Aircraft Wiring 268</p>
<p>7.7 Electrical Installation 276</p>
<p>7.8 Bonding and Earthing 280</p>
<p>7.9 Signal Conditioning 282</p>
<p>7.10 Central Maintenance Systems 284</p>
<p>8 Sensors 291</p>
<p>8.1 Introduction 291</p>
<p>8.2 Air Data Sensors 292</p>
<p>8.3 Magnetic Sensors 301</p>
<p>8.4 Inertial Sensors 306</p>
<p>8.5 Combined Air Data and Inertial 317</p>
<p>8.6 Radar Sensors 323</p>
<p>9 Communications and Navigation Aids 329</p>
<p>9.1 Introduction 329</p>
<p>9.2 Communications 332</p>
<p>9.3 Ground–Based Navigation Aids 347</p>
<p>9.4 Instrument Landing Systems 350</p>
<p>9.5 Space–Based Navigation Systems 354</p>
<p>9.6 Communications Control Systems 362</p>
<p>10 Flight Control Systems 365</p>
<p>10.1 Principles of Flight Control 365</p>
<p>10.2 Flight Control Elements 368</p>
<p>10.3 Flight Control Actuation 371</p>
<p>10.4 Principles of Fly–By–Wire 379</p>
<p>10.5 Boeing 777 Flight Control System 383</p>
<p>10.6 Airbus Flight Control Systems 389</p>
<p>10.7 Autopilot Flight Director System 396</p>
<p>10.8 Flight Data Recorders 401</p>
<p>11 Navigation Systems 405</p>
<p>11.1 Principles of Navigation 405</p>
<p>11.2 Flight Management System 413</p>
<p>11.3 Electronic Flight Bag 427</p>
<p>11.4 Air Traffic Management 430</p>
<p>11.5 Performance–Based Navigation 433</p>
<p>11.6 Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast 442</p>
<p>11.7 Boeing and Airbus Implementations 442</p>
<p>11.8 Terrain Avoidance Warning System (TAWS) 444</p>
<p>12 Flight Deck Displays 449</p>
<p>12.1 Introduction 449</p>
<p>12.2 First Generation Flight Deck: the Electromagnetic Era 450</p>
<p>12.3 Second Generation Flight Deck: the Electro–Optic Era 455</p>
<p>12.4 Third Generation: the Next Generation Flight Deck 463</p>
<p>12.5 Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) System 465</p>
<p>12.6 Standby Instruments 468</p>
<p>12.7 Head–Up Display Visual Guidance System (HVGS) 469</p>
<p>12.8 Enhanced and Synthetic Vision Systems 473</p>
<p>12.9 Display System Architectures 486</p>
<p>12.9.1 Airworthiness Regulations 486</p>
<p>12.9.2 Display Availability and Integrity 486</p>
<p>12.9.3 Display System Functional Elements 487</p>
<p>12.9.4 Dumb Display Architecture 488</p>
<p>12.9.5 Semi–Smart Display Architecture 490</p>
<p>12.9.6 Fully Smart (Integrated) Display Architecture 490</p>
<p>12.10 Display Usability 491</p>
<p>12.11 Display Technologies 498</p>
<p>12.12 Flight Control Inceptors 506</p>
<p>13 Military Aircraft Adaptations 511</p>
<p>13.1 Introduction 511</p>
<p>13.2 Avionic and Mission System Interface 512</p>
<p>13.3 Applications 519</p>
<p>Reference 531</p>
<p>Further Reading 531</p>
<p>Appendices 533</p>
<p>Introduction to Appendices 533</p>
<p>Appendix A: Safety Analysis Flight Control System 534</p>
<p>A.1 Flight Control System Architecture 534</p>
<p>A.2 Dependency Diagram 535</p>
<p>A.3 Fault Tree Analysis 537</p>
<p>Appendix B: Safety Analysis Electronic Flight Instrument System 539</p>
<p>B.1 Electronic Flight Instrument System Architecture 539</p>
<p>B.2 Fault Tree Analysis 540</p>
<p>Appendix C: Safety Analysis Electrical System 543</p>
<p>C.1 Electrical System Architecture 543</p>
<p>C.2 Fault Tree Analysis 543</p>
<p>Appendix D: Safety Analysis Engine Control System 546</p>
<p>D.1 Factors Resulting in an In–Flight Shut Down 546</p>
<p>D.2 Engine Control System Architecture 546</p>
<p>D.3 Markov Analysis 548</p>
<p>Simplified Example (all failure rates per flight hour) 549</p>
<p>Index 551</p>