Modern Earth Buildings

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Part I: Introduction to modern earth buildings</p> <p>Chapter 1: Overview of modern earth building</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Definition of modern earth building</p> <p>1.3 The significance of modern earth building in the current and future construction industries</p> <p>1.4 Changes in the modern earth building industry</p> <p>1.5 Managing the demands of the modern construction industry</p> <p>Chapter 2: Hygrothermal behaviour and occupant comfort in modern earth buildings</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Hygrothermal loads and modelling</p> <p>2.3 Thermal and hygric properties of earth materials</p> <p>2.4 Hygrothermal behaviour and passive air conditioning</p> <p>2.5 Indoor health and air quality</p> <p>2.6 Sources of further information</p> <p>2.8 Appendix: nomenclature</p> <p>Chapter 3: Fabric insulation, thermal bridging and acoustics in modern earth buildings</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Approaches to fabric insulation</p> <p>3.3 Thermal bridging theory</p> <p>3.4 Thermal bridging simulation tools</p> <p>3.5 Acoustic reverberation</p> <p>3.6 Sources of further information</p> <p>3.8 Appendix: nomenclature</p> <p>Chapter 4: Modern earth building codes, standards and normative development</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction: a short history of building codes for using earth as a building material</p> <p>4.2 Types of ‘standards’ for earth buildings</p> <p>4.3 Normative documents for earth building</p> <p>4.4 Selecting the parameters for earth building standards</p> <p>4.5 New developments in earth building standards</p> <p>4.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 5: Passive house design: a benchmark for thermal mass fabric integration</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Description of Passive House</p> <p>5.3 Functional principles of Passive House</p> <p>5.4 Case studies of Passive Houses in different climates</p> <p>5.5 Examples of Passive House architecture in Germany</p> <p>5.6 Future trends</p> <p>5.7 Sources of further information</p> <p>Part II: Earth materials engineering and earth construction</p> <p>Chapter 6: Soil materials for earth construction: properties, classification and suitability testing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Soil formation</p> <p>6.3 Soil types</p> <p>6.4 Soil consistency</p> <p>6.5 Compaction of soil</p> <p>6.6 Conclusion</p> <p>6.8 Appendix</p> <p>Chapter 7: Alternative and recycled materials for earth construction</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Classification</p> <p>7.3 Types of alternative material</p> <p>7.4 Characteristics of alternative and recycled materials</p> <p>7.5 Form of recycled and alternative materials: bulk or binder</p> <p>7.6 Leaching</p> <p>7.7 Physical and mechanical properties of alternative and recycled materials</p> <p>7.8 The use and reuse life cycle</p> <p>7.9 Future trends and conclusions</p> <p>7.10 Sources of further information</p> <p>7.12 Appendix</p> <p>Chapter 8: Soil mechanics and earthen construction: strength and mechanical behaviour</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Basic mechanics</p> <p>8.3 Fundamental soil behaviour</p> <p>8.4 Effective stress</p> <p>8.5 Models of shear strength for soils</p> <p>8.6 Unsaturated soil behaviour</p> <p>8.7 The use of soil mechanics in earthen construction</p> <p>8.8 Future trends</p> <p>8.9 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 9: Soil stabilisation and earth construction: materials, properties and techniques</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Lime stabilisation</p> <p>9.3 Cement and pozzolans</p> <p>9.4 Bituminous binders and emulsions</p> <p>9.5 Synthetic binders, polymers and adhesives</p> <p>9.6 Fibre reinforcement</p> <p>9.7 Selection tool for modern stabilised earth construction</p> <p>Chapter 10: Integral admixtures and surface treatments for modern earth buildings</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Integral admixtures for modern earth construction</p> <p>10.3 Surface treatment for modern earth buildings</p> <p>10.4 Future trends</p> <p>10.5 Sources of information</p> <p>Chapter 11: Weathering and durability of earthen material and structures</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Water content increase in earthen walls</p> <p>11.3 Strategies to increase the durability of earth walls</p> <p>11.4 Current tests for assessing the durability of earthen materials</p> <p>11.5 Surface coatings and finishes of earth structures</p> <p>11.6 Long-term performance testing of earth walls</p> <p>11.7 Future trends and conclusions</p> <p>11.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Part III: Earth building technologies and earth construction techniques</p> <p>Chapter 12: History of earth building techniques</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Earth building techniques in Asia</p> <p>12.3 Earth building techniques in Africa</p> <p>12.4 Earth building techniques in Europe</p> <p>12.5 Earth building techniques in North America</p> <p>12.6 Earth building techniques in South America</p> <p>12.7 Earth building techniques in Australasia</p> <p>12.8 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 13: Stabilised soil blocks for structural masonry in earth construction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Soil stabilisation techniques</p> <p>13.3 Production of stabilised soil blocks (SSBs)</p> <p>13.4 Characteristics of stabilised soil blocks (SSBs)</p> <p>13.5 Cement–soil mortars for stabilised soil block masonry</p> <p>13.6 Stabilised soil block masonry</p> <p>13.7 Long-term performance, repair and retrofitting of stabilised soil block buildings</p> <p>13.8 Case studies of cement-stabilised soil block (CSSB) buildings</p> <p>Chapter 14: Modern rammed earth construction techniques</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Material sourcing</p> <p>14.3 Proportioning and mixing</p> <p>14.4 Formwork</p> <p>14.5 Installation</p> <p>14.6 Future trends and conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 15: Pneumatically impacted stabilized earth (PISE) construction techniques</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Materials used for pneumatically impacted stabilized earth (PISE) construction</p> <p>15.3 The forming system</p> <p>15.4 Reinforcement of pneumatically impacted stabilized earth (PISE) walls</p> <p>15.5 Equipment for proportioning, mixing and placement</p> <p>15.6 The pneumatically impacted stabilized earth (PISE) method</p> <p>15.7 Conclusion</p> <p>15.8 Appendix</p> <p>Chapter 16: Conservation of historic earth buildings</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Common causes of deterioration on historic earth buildings</p> <p>16.3 Conservation of earth architecture</p> <p>16.4 Case study of the UNESCO heritage site of Diriyah in the Atturaif region of Saudi Arabia</p> <p>16.5 Case study of earth buildings in Italy: Loreto Aprutino in the Abruzzo region</p> <p>16.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Part IV: Modern earth structural engineering</p> <p>Chapter 17: Earth masonry structures: arches, vaults and domes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>17.1 Introduction</p> <p>17.2 Structural theory for arches, vaults and domes</p> <p>17.3 Earth masonry arches</p> <p>17.4 Earth masonry vaults</p> <p>17.5 Earth masonry domes</p> <p>17.6 Material properties of earth masonry structure</p> <p>17.7 Design and construction criteria for earth masonry structures</p> <p>17.8 Future trends</p> <p>17.9 Acknowledgments</p> <p>Chapter 18: Structural steel elements within stabilised rammed earth walling</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Structural steel for stabilised rammed earth (SRE) walling</p> <p>18.3 Design parameters for using structural steel within stabilised rammed earth (SRE) walling</p> <p>18.4 The use of steel lintels for stabilised rammed earth (SRE) applications</p> <p>18.5 Steel columns embedded within stabilised rammed earth (SRE) walls</p> <p>18.6 Structural systems for elevated or ‘precast’ stabilised rammed earth (SRE) panels</p> <p>18.7 North American structural steel</p> <p>18.8 Conclusion</p> <p>18.9 Acknowledgements</p> <p>18.10 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 19: Natural disasters and earth buildings: resistant design and construction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>19.1 Introduction</p> <p>19.2 Earthquakes and earth buildings</p> <p>19.3 Earthquake engineering</p> <p>19.4 Wind and storms</p> <p>19.5 Earth building design for wind resistance</p> <p>19.6 Flood hazards and earth buildings</p> <p>19.7 Volcanoes and landslides</p> <p>19.8 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 20: Embankments and dams</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>20.1 Introduction</p> <p>20.2 Types and selection of embankment dams</p> <p>20.3 Zoning of embankment dams and construction materials</p> <p>20.4 Embankment dam construction specifications</p> <p>20.5 Stability analysis of embankment dams</p> <p>20.6 Dam freeboard requirement</p> <p>20.7 Failure mechanisms</p> <p>20.8 Maintenance of embankment dams</p> <p>20.9 Future trends</p> <p>20.10 Norms and standards</p> <p>Part V: Application of modern earth construction: international case studies</p> <p>Chapter 21: North American modern earth construction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>21.1 Introduction</p> <p>21.2 Seventh generation thinking and earth construction</p> <p>21.3 The interplay of indoor and outdoor weather</p> <p>21.4 Applications of earth construction in hot climates</p> <p>21.5 Applications of earth construction in wet and cold climates</p> <p>21.6 Optimizing rammed earth compressive strength</p> <p>21.7 North American-style rammed earth</p> <p>21.8 Case studies of North American earth construction</p> <p>21.9 Design elegance of modern earth buildings</p> <p>21.10 Future trends</p> <p>21.11 Sources of further information</p> <p>21.12 Acknowledgments</p> <p>Chapter 22: Australian modern earth construction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>22.1 Introduction</p> <p>22.2 Uses of stabilised rammed earth in different regions of Australia</p> <p>22.3 Approaches to material type and selection</p> <p>22.4 Formwork and construction techniques: the ‘Stabilform system’</p> <p>22.5 Stabilised rammed earth (SRE) walls</p> <p>22.6 Designing for thermal comfort</p> <p>22.7 Standards and specifications for modern earth construction in Australia</p> <p>22.8 The cost of stabilised rammed earth (SRE) construction in Australia</p> <p>22.9 Case studies of modern earth buildings in Victoria, Australia</p> <p>22.10 Future trends</p> <p>22.11 Sources of further information</p> <p>22.12 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 23: European modern earth construction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>23.1 Introduction</p> <p>23.2 Conservation and revival of traditional techniques</p> <p>23.3 Modern earth construction techniques</p> <p>23.4 Case studies of modern earth buildings throughout Europe</p> <p>23.5 Future trends</p> <p>23.6 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 24: Modern rammed earth construction in China</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>24.1 Introduction</p> <p>24.2 Challenges for modern rammed earth construction in China</p> <p>24.3 Opportunities for modern rammed earth construction in China</p> <p>24.4 Approaches to material type and selection</p> <p>24.5 Construction techniques and formwork</p> <p>24.6 Case studies</p> <p>24.7 Future trends</p> <p>Appendices</p> <p>Appendix 1: Techno-economic analysis and environmental assessment of stabilised rammed earth (SRE) building construction</p> <p>Appendix 2: Techno-economic analysis and environmental assessment of stabilized insulated rammed earth (SIREWALL) building</p> <p>Index</p>