A History of English – A Sociolinguistic Approach

Part I: Introduction:.
<p>The Time Periods of English.</p>
<p>Language Change.</p>
<p>Sources of Information on Language Change.</p>
<p>Linguistic Preliminaries.</p>
<p>The Sounds of English, and Symbols Used to Describe Them:.</p>
<p>Consonants.</p>
<p>Vowels.</p>
<p>Structure of The Book.</p>
<p>Part II: The Pre–History of English:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 1. The Indo–European Period.</p>
<p>The Indo–Europeans and Linguistic Relatedness:.</p>
<p>The Beginnings.</p>
<p>The Development of Historical Linguistics.</p>
<p>Genetic Relatedness.</p>
<p>Linguistic Developments. The Indo–European Language Family:.</p>
<p>Family Tree Relationships.</p>
<p>The Indo–European Family.</p>
<p>Indo–Iranian.</p>
<p>Indic.</p>
<p>Iranian.</p>
<p>Armenian.</p>
<p>Albanian.</p>
<p>Balto–Slavonic.</p>
<p>Slavonic.</p>
<p>Baltic.</p>
<p>Hellenic.</p>
<p>Italic.</p>
<p>Celtic.</p>
<p>Brythonic.</p>
<p>Goidelic.</p>
<p>Germanic.</p>
<p>East Germanic.</p>
<p>North Germanic.</p>
<p>West Germanic.</p>
<p>Low Germanic.</p>
<p>High Germanic.</p>
<p>Yiddish.</p>
<p>From Indo–European to Germanic:.</p>
<p>Prosody.</p>
<p>The Consonant System: Sound Shifts.</p>
<p>Grimm′s Law.</p>
<p>Verner′s Law.</p>
<p>The Second Consonant Shift.</p>
<p>Possible Explanations For The High German (Second) Sound Shift.</p>
<p>The Vowel System.</p>
<p>Morphology.</p>
<p>Syntax.</p>
<p>Lexicon.</p>
<p>Semantics.</p>
<p>Indo–European/Germanic Texts.</p>
<p>Neogrammarians, Structuralists and Contemporary Linguistic Models.</p>
<p>Typological Classification:.</p>
<p>Universals.</p>
<p>Morphological Typology.</p>
<p>Sociolinguistic Focus. The Indo–European Tribes and The Spread of Language. Language Contact and Language Change: Archaeological Linguistics:.</p>
<p>Language Contact.</p>
<p>Archaeological Linguistics.</p>
<p>Part III: Old English 450–1100:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 2. The Old English Period.</p>
<p>Social and Political History:.</p>
<p>Britain Before The English.</p>
<p>The Anglo–Saxon Invasions.</p>
<p>Anglo–Saaxon Influence.</p>
<p>Scandinavian Influence.</p>
<p>Linguistic Developments: The Sounds, Structure and Typology of Old English:.</p>
<p>The Structure of Old English.</p>
<p>Oe Consonants.</p>
<p>Vowels: From Germanic to Old English.</p>
<p>Old English Vowels.</p>
<p>Old English Gender.</p>
<p>Inflection In Old English.</p>
<p>The Noun.</p>
<p>The Adjective.</p>
<p>Oe Personal Pronouns.</p>
<p>The Old English Verb.</p>
<p>Strong Verbs.</p>
<p>Weak Verbs.</p>
<p>Irregular Verbs.</p>
<p>Old English Syntax.</p>
<p>The Use of The Cases.</p>
<p>Word Order.</p>
<p>Old English Vocabulary.</p>
<p>Word Formation.</p>
<p>Linguistic/Literary Achievements:.</p>
<p>Texts.</p>
<p>Prose.</p>
<p>Poetry.</p>
<p>The Dialects of Old English:.</p>
<p>Sociolinguistic Focus:.</p>
<p>Language Contact.</p>
<p>Latin and Celtic.</p>
<p>The Scandinavians.</p>
<p>The Character of Scandinavian Loan Words.</p>
<p>Part IV: Middle English:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 3. The Middle English Period.</p>
<p>Social and Political History:.</p>
<p>Politcal History : The Norman Conquest to Edward I.</p>
<p>Social History.</p>
<p>The Establishment of Towns and Burghs and The Beginnings of Social Stratification.</p>
<p>Linguistic Developments: Middle English Sounds and Structure, With Particular Emphasis on The Breakdown of The Inflectional System and Its Linguistic Typological Implications:.</p>
<p>Major Changes to The Sound System.</p>
<p>The Consonants.</p>
<p>Consonant Changes From Old to Middle English.</p>
<p>The Vowels In Stressed Syllables.</p>
<p>Vowels In Unstressed Syllables.</p>
<p>Lengthening and Shortening.</p>
<p>Summary Table of Vowel Changes From Old to Middle English.</p>
<p>The Formation of Middle English Diphthongs.</p>
<p>Major Morphological Changes From Old to Middle English.</p>
<p>Loss of Inflections.</p>
<p>Other Changes In The Morphological System.</p>
<p>Verbs.</p>
<p>Middle English Syntax.</p>
<p>The Lexicon: Loan Words From French.</p>
<p>Two French Sources.</p>
<p>Middle English Dialects:.</p>
<p>Linguistic/Literary Achievements.</p>
<p>Middle English Literature.</p>
<p>Language.</p>
<p>Genre.</p>
<p>Sociolinguistic Focus: Social Stratification, Multilingualism and Dialect Variation: Language Contact – The Myth of Middle English Creolisation:.</p>
<p>English Re–established.</p>
<p>Language and The Rise of The Middle Class.</p>
<p>The Development of Standard English.</p>
<p>The Evolution of Me ′Standard′ English.</p>
<p>The Question of Middle English Creolisation: Myth?.</p>
<p>Definitions.</p>
<p>Pidgins and Creoles In England?.</p>
<p>Thomason and Kaufman and The Arguments For and Against Creolisation In Middle English.</p>
<p>On The Sociolinguistic History of /H/–Dropping In English.</p>
<p>Conclusion.</p>
<p>Part V: Early Modern English:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 4. The Early Modern English Period.</p>
<p>Social and Political History:.</p>
<p>Historical and Social Background.</p>
<p>Internal Stability and Colonial Expansion.</p>
<p>Linguistic Developments: The Variable Character of Early Modern English:.</p>
<p>Phonolgy.</p>
<p>Consonants.</p>
<p>Vowels.</p>
<p>The Great Vowel Shift.</p>
<p>Morphology.</p>
<p>Nouns.</p>
<p>Pronouns.</p>
<p>Adjectives, Adverbs.</p>
<p>Verbs.</p>
<p>The Spread of Northern Forms.</p>
<p>Syntax.</p>
<p>Periphrastic Do.</p>
<p>Progressive Verb Forms.</p>
<p>Passives.</p>
<p>Sample Text.</p>
<p>Vocabulary.</p>
<p>The Anxious State of English: The Search For Authority.</p>
<p>Dictionaries and The Question of Linguistic Authority; Swift′s and Johnson′s View of Language.</p>
<p>Linguistic and Literary Achievement:.</p>
<p>Sociolinguistic Focus:.</p>
<p>Cariation In Early Modern English.</p>
<p>Standardisation.</p>
<p>The Printing Press.</p>
<p>The Renaissance and The Protestant Reformation.</p>
<p>English Established.</p>
<p>Orthography: The Orthoepists.</p>
<p>The Great Vowel Shift.</p>
<p>Phonological Change.</p>
<p>Case Study: Power and Solidarity Relations In Early Modern English.</p>
<p>Part VI: Present Day English:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 5. Present Day English.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Social and Political History:.</p>
<p>The Age of Revolutions, Wars and Imperialism.</p>
<p>Urbanisation, Industrialisation and Social Stratification.</p>
<p>Linguistic Developments:.</p>
<p>Morphology and Syntax.</p>
<p>Morphology.</p>
<p>Syntax.</p>
<p>The Lexicon.</p>
<p>Colonialism, Contac, and Borrowings.</p>
<p>Neologisms.</p>
<p>Illustrative Texts.</p>
<p>Modern English Dialects:.</p>
<p>Traditional Dialects.</p>
<p>Modern Dialects.</p>
<p>Received Pronunciation (Rp): The Social Background.</p>
<p>Characteristics of Rp.</p>
<p>Rp, Estuary English and ′The Queen′s English′.</p>
<p>Sociolinguistic Focus: English In Scotland, Ireland and Wales: Multilingualism In Britain:.</p>
<p>English In The British Isles.</p>
<p>English In Scotland.</p>
<p>English In Wales.</p>
<p>English In Ireland.</p>
<p>Irish English Dialects.</p>
<p>Immigrant Varieties of English In Britain.</p>
<p>Immigration to Britain In The Pde Period.</p>
<p>Colonial Immigration and Language.</p>
<p>Part VII: English In The United States:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 6. America In The Modern Period.</p>
<p>Social and Political History:.</p>
<p>Settlement and Language.</p>
<p>Settlement By Region.</p>
<p>The Original Thirteen Colonies.</p>
<p>The Pronunciation of /R/ In The Mid Atlantic – New England Dialect Regions.</p>
<p>The Middle West.</p>
<p>The South and West.</p>
<p>The Development of American English:.</p>
<p>The Strength and Maintenance of Dialect Boundaries.</p>
<p>How, Why and When American English Began to Diverge From British English.</p>
<p>Physical Separation.</p>
<p>The Different Physical Conditions Encountered By The Settlers.</p>
<p>Contact With Immigrant Non–Native Speakers of English.</p>
<p>Developing Political Differences and The Growing American Sense of National Identity.</p>
<p>Language Variation In The United States:.</p>
<p>Uniformity and Diversity In Early American English.</p>
<p>Regional Dialect Divisions In American English.</p>
<p>The Lexicon.</p>
<p>Phonolgy: Consonants.</p>
<p>Phonolgy: Vowels.</p>
<p>Social and Ethnic Dialects.</p>
<p>Social Class and Language Change.</p>
<p>Ethnicity.</p>
<p>African American Vernacular English.</p>
<p>Traditional Dialects and The Resistance to Change.</p>
<p>Part VIII: World–Wide English:.</p>
<p>Timeline of Events 7. World–Wide English.</p>
<p>Social and Political History: The Spread of English Across The Globe:.</p>
<p>British Colonialism.</p>
<p>Canada.</p>
<p>The Caribbean.</p>
<p>Australia.</p>
<p>New Zealand.</p>
<p>South Africa.</p>
<p>South Asia.</p>
<p>Former Colonial Africa: West Africa.</p>
<p>East Africa.</p>
<p>South East Asia and South Pacific.</p>
<p>An Overview of The Use of English Throughout The World.</p>
<p>English As A Global Language:.</p>
<p>The Industrial Revolution.</p>
<p>American Economic Superiority and Political Leadership.</p>
<p>American Technological Domination.</p>
<p>The Boom In English Language Teaching.</p>
<p>The Need For A Global Language.</p>
<p>Structural Considerations.</p>
<p>Global and At The Same Time Local.</p>
<p>English As A Killer Language:.</p>
<p>Language Death.</p>
<p>Language and Communication Technology.</p>
<p>The Future of English:.</p>
<p>Bibliography.</p>
<p>Index.</p>