Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Part I. REM Sleep as a Unique Arousal State – Historical Context: 1. The sleep-dream state – historic and philosophic perspectives; 2. REM sleep and dreaming; 3. REM sleep and dream sleep: are they identical? Exploring the conceptual developments in the Upanishads and the present knowledge based on neurobiology of sleep; 4. The discovery of REM sleep: the death knell of the passive theory of sleep; 5. REM sleep and dreaming: the nature of the relationship; Part II. General Biology: 6. The ontogeny and function(s) of REM sleep; 7. Evolutionary perspectives on the function of REM sleep; 8. A systems level approach to human REM sleep; 9. REM sleep regulation: circadian, homeostatic and non-REM sleep-dependent determinants; Part III. Neuronal Regulation: 10. Understanding REM sleep: clues from brain lesion studies; 11. Preoptic and basal forebrain modulation of REM sleep; 12. Amygdalar regulation of REM sleep; 13. Pontomedullary mediated REM sleep atonia; 14. Phenomenology and function of myoclonic twitching in developing rats; 15. Pontine-wave (P-wave) generator: a key player in REM sleep-dependent memory consolidation; 16. Hippocampal theta rhythm of REM sleep; 17. Respiration during REM sleep and its regulation; 18. Modulation of REM sleep by non-REM sleep and waking areas in the brain; Part IV. Neuroanatomy and Neurochemistry: 19. Aminergic influences in the regulation of basic REM sleep processes; 20. REM sleep regulation by cholinergic neurons: highlights from 1999 to 2009; 21. GABAergic modulation of REM sleep; 22. Glutamatergic regulation of REM; 23. The role of tuberomammillary nucleus histaminergic neurons, and of their receptors, in the regulation of sleep and waking; 24. Hypocretinergic system: role in REM sleep regulation; 25. Neuropeptides and REM sleep; 26. Adenosine and glycine in REM sleep regulation; 27. Changes in neurotransmitter levels in relation to REM sleep for its regulation; 28. Pontine areas inhibiting REM sleep (PAIRS); 29. Neuronal models of REM sleep control: evolving concepts; Part V. REM Sleep: Functional Significance: 30. Significance of deprivation studies: does REM sleep propensity/debt increase with deprivation?; 31. Modulation of body core temperature in NREM and REM sleep; 32. Sleep-related hippocampal activation: implications for spatial memory consolidation; 33. The role of REM sleep in memory consolidation, enhancement and integration; 34. The role of REM sleep in emotional brain processing; 35. REM sleep loss, oxidative damage and apoptosis; 36. Role of REM sleep in maintaining neuronal excitability and its possible mechanism of action; 37. Comparison of REM sleep deprivation methods: role of stress and validity of use; 38. REM sleep in patients with depression; 39. Proteins and neuropeptides in REM sleep regulation and function; Part VI. Disturbance in REM Sleep Generating Mechanism: 40. Narcolepsy and REM sleep; 41. REM sleep and dreams: relationship to anxiety, psychosomatic and behavioural disorders; 42. REM sleep and emotion regulation; 43. Neural modeling for cooperative/competitive regulation of REM sleep with NREM sleep and wakefulness; 44. The selective mood regulatory theory of dreaming: an adaptive, assimilative and experimentally based theory of dreaming; Index.