Essentials of Endoscopic Spine Surgery

Section 1: Foundations of endoscopic spine surgery<br>1. History and evolution of endoscopic spine surgery<br>2. Classification of complexity of endoscopic spine procedures<br>3. Practical and applied anatomy for endoscopic spine surgery<br>4. Radiological investigations and surgical planning in endoscopic spine surgery<br>5. The paradigm shift from open spine surgery to endoscopic surgery<br>Section 2: Endoscopic instruments and technology<br>6. Overview of instruments in endoscopic spine surgery<br>7. The role of navigation in endoscopic spine surgery<br>8. Role of robotics in endoscopic spine surgery<br>9. Imaging techniques (O-arm, intraoperative CT, augmented reality)<br>10. Use of fluoroscopy in endoscopic spine surgery<br>Section 3: Cervical spine endoscopy<br>11. Uniportal posterior cervical endoscopic foraminotomy and laminectomy for foraminal stenosis or disc herniation<br>12. Uniportal posterior cervical endoscopic decompression for cervical spinal stenosis<br>13. Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) posterior cervical foraminotomy for spondylosis<br>14. Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) posterior cervical decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)<br>15. Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) posterior cervical laminoplasty for multilevel stenosis<br>Section 4: Thoracic spine endoscopy<br>16. Uniportal transforaminal discectomy for thoracic disc herniation<br>17. Uniportal transforaminal approach for calcified intracanal thoracic disc herniations<br>18. Biportal endoscopic decompression for thoracic myelopathy<br>Section 5: Lumbar spine endoscopy<br>19. Lumbar endoscopic spine surgery: Where are we?<br>20. Uniportal basic: transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy<br>21. Uniportal intermediate: Transforaminalendoscopic lumbar foraminotomy and lateral recess decompression<br>22. Uniportal basics: Endoscopic extraforaminal lumbar discectomy (EELD)<br>23. Uniportal intermediate: the transforaminal endoscopic approach for foraminal/extraforaminal stenosis at L5-S1<br>24. The biportal endoscopic approach for foraminal/extraforaminal stenosis at L5-S1<br>25. Uniportal intermediate: transforaminal endoscopic trans-Kambin lumbar interbody fusion<br>26. Uniportal advanced: Transforaminal endoscopic posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion with 3D printing cages<br>27. Uniportal: Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy<br>28. Uniportal basic: Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar lateral recess decompression<br>29. Uniportal intermediate: Interlaminar endoscopic unilateral endoscopic bilateral decompression<br>30. Uniportal advanced: Interlaminar endoscopic contralateral approaches for lateral recess and foraminal pathology of the lumbar spine<br>31. Basic unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (UBE): The paramedian approach for lumbar discectomy<br>32. Basic UBE: The paraspinal approach for foraminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation and stenosis<br>33. Unilateral biportal endoscopy for far-out syndrome in the lumbosacral junction<br>34. Unilateral biportal endoscopic lateral recess decompression<br>35. Unilateral biportal endoscopic unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression<br>36. Unilateral biportal endoscopic contralateral sublaminar approach for lateral recess and foraminal pathology<br>37. Lumbar multilevel spinal stenosis decompression with unilateral biportal endoscopy<br>38. Revision surgery: UBE for discectomy<br>39. Revision surgery: UBE for suboptimal decompression<br>40. Revision surgery: Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy (UBE) lumbar interbody fusion<br>41. Unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion via posterior approach<br>42. Unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (UBE—TLIF) far lateral approach with large cage insertion<br>43. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of medial branch for chronic back pain<br>44. Endoscopic procedures for chronic SIJ pain<br>Section 6: Advanced endoscopic techniques<br>45. Robotic-assisted endoscopic procedures<br>46. Endoscopic treatment of spinal masses<br>47. Uniportal endoscopic revision spine surgery<br>48. The role of spinal endoscopy (uniportal and biportal) in degenerative scoliosis<br>49. The role of spinal endoscopy (uniportal and biportal) in degenerative spondylolisthesis<br>50. Endoscopic treatment of pars fractures<br>51. The role of endoscopy in management of spondylodiscitis<br>Section 7: Managing complications and postoperative care<br>52. Common complications in endoscopic spine surgery<br>53. Postoperative care and rehabilitation<br>54. Long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction of endoscopic spine surgery<br>55. Unique complications in endoscopic spine surgery<br>56. Fluid dynamics and pressure control in endoscopic spine surgery<br>Section 8: Future directions in endoscopic spine surgery<br>57. Innovations, emerging technologies, predictions, and future research<br>58. Training and credentialing for endoscopic spine surgery<br>59. The role of artificial intelligence and robots in spine research and surgery