Preface - Introduction; T.R.Gottschang - Agricultural Collectivization in China: Past and Present - Develop the Rural Commodity Economy - The Production Contract System is a New Development of the Rural Cooperative Economy - Rural Enterprises must Develop Further - The Direction of Technological Transformation in Chinese Agriculture - Specialization and Commercialization in Rural Production - Social Goals Related to Development of the Rural Commodity Economy - Expand the Market Regulation of Agricultural Products - Intriguing Prospects for Research on Chinese Rural Problems - The Grain Problem - Rich First, Rich Later, and Prosperous All Together - Rely on Science and Technology to Strengthen the Economic Position of Agriculture - Water Control Work must Stress Economic Benefits - Placing Agriculture in its Proper Position in the National Economy and Raising Rural Incomes - Strive for Stable Growth of the Rural Economy - Embark upon the Path of Striving for Economic Benefits through Reform - Reform and Development in Stock-Raising Areas - Discussion of an Outward-Oriented Development Strategy for the Coastal Areas - Reflections on the Development of Rural Cooperatives - Glossary