Adrenal Disorders

<p>Section A. Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass<br>Case #1: 45-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Large Adrenal Mass<br>Case #2: Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Imaging <br>Case #3: Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Adrenal Biopsy <br>Case #4: Nonfunctioning Lipid Rich Adrenocortical Adenoma—Role of Follow-up <br>Case #5: 54-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass and Abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Role of Adrenalectomy<br>Case #6: Lipid Poor Adrenal Masses—The Case for Aggressive Management<br><br>Section B. Primary Aldosteronism<br>Case #7: Primary Aldosteronism—When Adrenal Venous Sampling is not Needed Before Unilateral Adrenalectomy<br>Case #8: Primary Aldosteronism with Unilateral Adrenal Nodule on Computed Tomography<br>Case #9: Primary Aldosteronism with Bilateral Adrenal Nodules on Computed Tomography<br>Case #10: Primary Aldosteronism Caused by Unilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia<br>Case #11: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia and Associated Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretion<br>Case #12: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with an Adrenal Macroadenoma and Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretion<br>Case #13: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Treated with Spironolactone<br>Case #14: Failed Catheterization of the Right Adrenal Vein—When Incomplete Adrenal Venous Sampling Data Can Be Used to Direct a Surgical Cure<br>Case #15: Primary Aldosteronism: When Adrenal Venous Sampling Shows Suppressed Aldosterone Secretion From Both Adrenal Glands<br></p> <p>Section C. ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome <br>Case #16: 28-Year-Old Woman with Remote History of Adrenal Mass Presenting with New Onset Hypertension and Weight Gain <br>Case #17: 26-Year-Old Woman with a Discrepant Work-up for Cushing Syndrome Subtype<br>Case #18: 45-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome and Bilateral Adrenal Adenomas <br>Case #19: Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with “Normal” Adrenal Imaging <br>Case #20: 66-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Hypercortisolism and Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia<br>Case #21: 35-Year-Old Woman with Low Bone Density and Fractures <br>Case #22: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Adrenal Adenoma with Clinically Important Cortisol Secretory Autonomy<br> </p> <p>Section D. Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma and Oncocytic Neoplasm <br>Case #23: Adrenal cortical carcinoma in a patient with history of adrenal incidentaloma<br>Case #24: Unexpected Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: Role of Urinary Steroid Profiling<br>Case #25: Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma <br>Case #26: Mitotane therapy in the ENSAT Stage II Adrenocortical Carcinoma<br>Case #27: Cortisol-Secreting Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma—Role for Surgical Debulking of the Primary Tumor<br>Case #28: Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Severe Cushing Syndrome<br>Case #29: Pure Aldosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma<br>Case #30: Long-standing Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Diagnosed with Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma<br>Case #31: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Lynch Syndrome<br>Case #32: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1<br>Case #33: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting with Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus<br>Case #34: Management of Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma</p> <p><br>Section E. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma<br>Case #35: Most Pheochromocytomas Grow Slowly<br>Case #36: The “Prebiochemical” Pheochromocytoma<br>Case #37: Huge Catecholamine-Secreting Tumor<br>Case#38: Metyrosine Use in a Patient with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma<br>Case #39: Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1<br>Case #40: New Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A in a Patient with Bilateral Pheochromocytomas <br>Case #41: Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with von Hippel Lindau Disease<br>Case #42: Bilateral Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with MYC-associated Protein X (MAX) Genetic Predisposition<br>Case #43: The Cystic Pheochromocytoma<br>Case #44: Skull Base and Neck Paragangliomas—Considerations for the Endocrinologist<br>Case #45: Cardiac Paraganglioma.<br>Case #46: Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B<br>Case #47: Metastatic Paraganglioma—An Approach to Management and the Use Serial Imaging to Assess Rate of Tumor Progression<br>Case #48: Metastatic Pheochromocytoma—Role for 68-Ga DOTATATE PET CT<br>Case #49: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Catecholamine-Secreting Paragangliomas<br>Case #50: Metastatic Paraganglioma—Role For Systemic Chemotherapy<br>Case #51: Cryoablation Therapy for Metastatic Paraganglioma<br>Case #52: Paraganglioma in a patient with cyanotic cardiac disease<br>Case #53: Metastatic Paraganglioma—Role For External Beam Radiation Therapy<br> </p> <p>Section F. Corticotropin (ACTH)-Dependent Hypercortisolism<br>Case #54:ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome can be frequently misdiagnosed<br>Case #55: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome—Role for Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling<br>Case #56: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome—When Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling is Not Needed<br>Case #57: Severe ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome Due to a Pituitary Adenoma<br>Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B<br>Case #59: Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Treated with Cryoablation  <br>Case #60: Cyclical Ectopic Cushing Syndrome <br>Case #61: Mild Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin Secretion <br>Case #62: Bilateral Adrenal Cryoablation in Corticotropin-dependent Cushing Syndrome<br>Case #63: Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Secreting Pheochromocytoma<br>Case #64: Cushing Syndrome in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1<br></p> <p>Section G. Other Adrenal Masses<br>Case #65: Adrenal Myelolipoma—A Computed Tomography Diagnosis<br>Case #66: Adrenal Schwannoma<br>Case #67: Trauma-Related Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage<br>Case #68: Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage<br>Case #69: Primary Adrenal Teratoma<br>Case #70: The Adrenal Stone<br>Case #71: Simple Adrenal Cyst<br>Case #72: Adrenal Cystic Lymphangioma<br>Case #73: Adrenal Hemangioma<br>Case #74: Adrenal Ganglioneuroma<br>Case #75: 42-Year-Old Woman with a Large Adrenal Mass  <br>Case #76: Primary Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma<br>Case #77: Primary Adrenal Lymphoma<br>Case #78. 39-Year-Old Man with a Large Adrenal Mass  <br>Case # 79: 59-Year-Old Man with Enlarging Bilateral Adrenal Masses  <br>Case # 80: 65-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency  <br>Case #81: 47-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency<br>Case #82: Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipoma—Think of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia<br>Case #83: A Unilateral Lipid Poor Adrenal Mass—An Atypical Presentation of Adrenal Histoplasmosis<br>Case #84: Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (BMAH) in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1<br>Case #85: Pseudo-Adrenal Masses<br></p> <p>Section H. Adrenal and Ovarian Hyperandrogenism<br>Case #86: A Huge Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with a Suboptimally Controlled Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia<br>Case #87: Balancing Glucocorticoid and Androgen Excess in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia<br>Case #88: Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S): The “Love it” or “Hate it” Hormone<br>Case #89: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal and an Ovarian Mass<br>Case #90: Primary Testosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Premenopausal Woman.<br>Case #91: Premenopausal Woman with Testosterone-secreting Ovarian Tumor<br>Case #92: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal Mass<br>Case #93: Testosterone-Secreting Benign Adrenal Adenoma in a Postmenopausal Woman</p> <p><br>Section I. Adrenal Disorders in Pregnancy<br>Case #94: Malignant Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy<br>Case #95: Catecholamine-Secreting Paraganglioma in Pregnancy<br>Case #96: The Peripartum Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and a Genetic Mystery Solved<br>Case #97. History of Pregnancy in a 41-Year-Old Woman with Undiagnosed Cushing syndrome<br>Case #98: Pregnancy in a Patient with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency <br>Case #99: Pregnancy in a Patient with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency <br>Case #100: Primary Aldosteronism in Pregnancy</p>