PART I Common Problems<br>1 Sudden Deterioration in Neurologic Status<br>2 Agitation and Delirium<br>3 Management of Acute Pain in the Intensive Care Unit<br>4 Fever and Hyperthermia<br>5 Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure<br>6 Low Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure<br>7 Tachycardia and Bradycardia<br>8 Arterial Hypoxemia<br>9 Acute Respiratory Failure<br>10 Hyperbaric Oxygen in Critical Care<br>11 Pulmonary Edema<br>12 Pleural Effusion in the Intensive Care Unit<br>13 Polyuria<br>14 Oliguria<br>15 Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis<br>16 Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia<br>17 Hyperphosphatemia and Hypophosphatemia<br>18 Hypomagnesemia<br>19 Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia<br>20 Disorders of Glucose Control or Blood Glucose Disorders<br>21 Anemia<br>22 Coagulopathy in the Intensive Care Unit<br>23 Jaundice<br>24 Ascites<br>25 Acute Abdominal Pain<br>26 Ileus in Critical Illness<br>27 Diarrhea<br>28 Chest Pain<br>29 Biochemical or Electrocardiographic Evidence of Acute Myocardial Injury<br><br>PART II Common Approaches for Organ Support, Diagnosis, and Monitoring<br>30 Point-of-Care Ultrasound<br>31 Echocardiography<br>32 Cardiovascular Monitoring<br>33 Bedside Monitoring of Pulmonary Function<br>34 Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation<br>35 Tracheal Intubation<br>36 Tracheostomy<br>37 Basic Principles of Mechanical Ventilation<br>38 Basic Principles of Renal Replacement Therapy<br>39 Target Temperature Management in Critically Ill Patients<br>40 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Venovenous and Venoarterial ECMO)<br>41 Nutritional Support<br><br>PART III Central Nervous System<br>42 Advanced Bedside Neuromonitoring<br>43 Coma<br>44 Use of Brain Injury Biomarkers in Critical Care Settings<br>45 Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation<br>46 Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke<br>47 Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage<br>48 Seizures in the Critically Ill<br>49 Neuromuscular Disorders in the Critically Ill<br>50 Traumatic Brain Injury<br>51 Spinal Cord Injury<br>52 Neuroimaging<br><br>PART IV Pulmonary<br>53 Core Principles of Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness<br>54 Patient–Ventilator Interaction<br>55 Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation<br>56 Advanced Techniques in Mechanical Ventilation<br>57 Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation<br>58 Adjunctive Respiratory Therapy<br>59 Intensive Care Unit Imaging<br>60 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<br>61 Drowning<br>62 Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia<br>63 Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Adults<br>64 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease<br>65 Pulmonary Embolism<br>66 Pneumothorax<br>67 Community-Acquired Pneumonia<br>68 Nosocomial Pneumonia<br><br>PART V Cardiovascular<br>69 Core Principles of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness<br>70 Acute Coronary Syndromes: Therapy<br>71 Supraventricular Arrhythmias<br>72 Ventricular Arrhythmias<br>73 Conduction Disturbances and Cardiac Pacemakers<br>74 Myocarditis and Acute Myopathies<br>75 Pericardial Diseases<br>76 Emergency Heart Valve Disorders<br>77 Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure<br>78 Hypertensive Crisis: Emergency and Urgency<br>79 Pathophysiology and Classification of Shock States<br>80 Resuscitation From Circulatory Shock<br>81 Inotropic Therapy<br>82 Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock<br><br>PART VI Gastrointestinal<br>83 Portal Hypertension: Critical Care Considerations<br>84 Hepatorenal Syndrome<br>85 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome<br>86 Hepatic Encephalopathy<br>87 Acute Liver Failure<br>88 Calculous and Acalculous Cholecystitis<br>89 Acute Pancreatitis<br>90 Abdominal Sepsis<br>91 Mechanical Bowel Obstruction<br>92 Toxic Megacolon and Ogilvie’s Syndrome<br>93 Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding<br><br>PART VII Renal<br>94 Core Principles of Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness<br>95 Clinical Assessment of Renal Function<br>96 Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury<br>97 Water Metabolism<br>98 Advanced Techniques in Blood Purification<br>99 Fluid and Volume Therapy in the ICU<br>100 Acute Kidney Injury<br>101 Urinary Tract Obstruction<br>102 Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury<br>103 Glomerulonephritis<br>104 Interstitial Nephritis<br><br>PART VIII Infectious Diseases<br>105 Antimicrobial Stewardship<br>106 Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia<br>107 Antimicrobial Agents With Primary Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria<br>108 Antimicrobial Agents With Primary Activity Against Gram-Positive Bacteria<br>109 Antimicrobial Agents Active Against Anaerobic Bacteria<br>110 Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract<br>111 Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections<br>112 Septic Shock<br>113 Infections of the Urogenital Tract<br>114 Central Nervous System Infections<br>115 Infections of Skin, Muscle, and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections<br>116 Head and Neck Infections<br>117 Infectious Endocarditis<br>118 Fungal Infections<br>119 Influenza and Acute Viral Syndromes<br>120 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection<br>121 Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient<br>122 Tuberculosis<br>123 Malaria and Other Tropical Infections in the Intensive Care Unit<br>124 Clostridioides difficile Infection<br><br>PART IX Hematology<br>125 Anemia and RBC Transfusion<br>126 Guidelines for Blood Component Therapy<br>127 Venous Thromboembolism<br>128 Anticoagulation in the Intensive Care Unit<br>129 Monitoring of Coagulation Status<br>130 Critical Care of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient<br><br>PART X Obstetrics<br>131 Cardiovascular and Endocrinologic Changes Associated With Pregnancy<br>132 Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy<br>133 Acute Pulmonary Complications During Pregnancy<br>134 Postpartum Hemorrhage<br><br>PART XI Endocrine<br>135 Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State<br>136 Adrenal Insufficiency<br>137 Thyroid Disorders<br>138 Diabetes Insipidus<br><br>PART XII Pharmacology and Toxicology<br>139 General Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics<br>140 Poisoning: Overview of Approaches for Evaluation and Treatment<br><br>PART XIII Surgery/Trauma<br>141 Resuscitation of Hypovolemic Shock<br>142 Mediastinitis<br>143 Epistaxis<br>144 Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient<br>145 Intensive Care Unit Management of Lung Transplant Patients<br>146 Perioperative Management of the Liver Transplant Patient<br>147 Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: The Ultimate Treatment for Intestinal Failure<br>148 Aortic Dissection<br>149 Mesenteric Ischemia<br>150 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome<br>151 Extremity Compartment Syndromes<br>152 Thromboembolization and Thrombolytic Therapy<br>153 Atheroembolization<br>154 Pressure Ulcers<br>155 Burns, Including Inhalation Injury<br>156 Thoracic Trauma<br>157 Abdominal Trauma<br>158 Pelvic Fractures and Long Bone Fractures<br>159 Determination of Brain Death and Management of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor<br>160 Donation After Cardiac Death (Non–Heart-Beating Donation)<br><br>PART XIV Ethical and End-of-Life Issues<br>161 Conversations With Families of Critically Ill Patients<br>162 Resource Allocation in the Intensive Care Unit<br>163 Basic Ethical Principles in Critical Care<br><br>PART XV Organization and Management<br>164 Building Teamwork to Improve Outcomes<br>165 Severity of Illness Indices and Outcome Prediction<br>166 Long-Term Outcomes of Critical Illness<br>167 Early Ambulation in the ICU<br>168 Mass Critical Care<br>169 Telemedicine in Intensive Care<br>170 Teaching Critical Care<br><br>Online Chapters<br>E1 Difficult Airway Management for Intensivists, 1370.e1<br>E2 Bedside Ultrasonography, 1370.e36<br>E3 Central Venous Catheterization, 1370.e67<br>E4 Arterial Cannulation and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement, 1370.e71<br>E5 Bedside Pulmonary Artery Catheterization, 1370.e80<br>E6 Cardioversion and Defibrillation, 1370.e83<br>E7 Transvenous and Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing, 1370.e85<br>E8 Ventricular Assist Device Implantation, 1370.e87<br>E9 Pericardiocentesis, 1370.e90<br>E10 Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage, 1370.e95<br>E11 Thoracentesis, 1370.e99<br>E12 Chest Tube Placement, Care, and Removal, 1370.e101<br>E13 Fiber-Optic Bronchoscopy, 1370.e105<br>E14 Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Protected Specimen Bronchial Brushing, 1370.e111<br>E15 Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy, 1370.e114<br>E16 Esophageal Balloon Tamponade, 1370.e118<br>E17 Nasoenteric Feeding Tube Insertion, 1370.e120<br>E18 Lumbar Puncture, 1370.e122<br>E19 Jugular Venous and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension Monitoring, 1370.e124<br>E20 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring, 1370.e130<br>E21 Indirect Calorimetry, 1370.e133<br>E22 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation, 1370.e134