Pain Review

<p>Waldman: Pain Review, 2nd edition</p> <p>SECTION 1: ANATOMY</p> <p>1. Overview of the Cranial Nerves</p> <p>2. The Olfactory Nerve—Cranial Nerve I</p> <p>3. The Optic Nerve—Cranial Nerve II</p> <p>4. The Oculomotor Nerve—Cranial Nerve III</p> <p>5. The Trochlear Nerve—Cranial Nerve IV</p> <p>6. The Trigeminal Nerve—Cranial Nerve V</p> <p>7. The Abducens Nerve—Cranial Nerve VI</p> <p>8. The Facial Nerve—Cranial Nerve VII</p> <p>9. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve— Cranial Nerve VIII</p> <p>10. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve— Cranial Nerve IX</p> <p>11. The Vagus Nerve—Cranial Nerve X</p> <p>12. The Spinal Accessory Nerve— Cranial Nerve XI</p> <p>13. The Hypoglossal Nerve— Cranial Nerve XII</p> <p>14. The Sphenopalatine Ganglion</p> <p>15. The Greater and Lesser Occipital Nerves</p> <p>16. The Temporomandibular Joint</p> <p>17. The Superficial Cervical Plexus</p> <p>18. The Deep Cervical Plexus</p> <p>19. The Stellate Ganglion</p> <p>20. The Cervical Vertebrae</p> <p>21. Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc</p> <p>22. The Cervical Dermatomes</p> <p>23. The Meninges</p> <p>24. The Cervical Epidural Space</p> <p>25. The Cervical Facet Joints</p> <p>26. The Third Occipital Nerve</p> <p>27. The Ligaments of the Cervical Spine</p> <p>28. Functional Anatomy of the Thoracic Vertebrae</p> <p>29. The Thoracic Dermatomes</p> <p>30. Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine</p> <p>31. Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc</p> <p>32. Functional Anatomy of the Sacrum</p> <p>33. The Brachial Plexus</p> <p>34. The Musculocutaneous Nerve</p> <p>35. The Ulnar Nerve</p> <p>36. The Median Nerve</p> <p>37. The Radial Nerve</p> <p>38. Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint</p> <p>39. The Acromioclavicular Joint</p> <p>40. The Subdeltoid Bursa</p> <p>41. The Biceps Tendon</p> <p>42. Functional Anatomy of the Rotator Cuff</p> <p>43. The Supraspinatus Muscle</p> <p>44. The Infraspinatus Muscle</p> <p>45. The Subscapularis Muscle</p> <p>46. The Teres Minor Muscle</p> <p>47. The Subcoracoid Bursa</p> <p>48. Functional Anatomy of the Elbow Joint</p> <p>49. The Olecranon Bursa</p> <p>50. The Radial Nerve at the Elbow</p> <p>51. The Cubital Tunnel</p> <p>52. The Anterior Interosseous Nerve</p> <p>53. The Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve</p> <p>54. Functional Anatomy of the Wrist</p> <p>55. The Carpal Tunnel</p> <p>56. The Ulnar Tunnel</p> <p>57. The Carpometacarpal Joint</p> <p>58. The Carpometacarpal Joints of the Fingers</p> <p>59. The Metocarpophalangeal Joints</p> <p>60. The Interphalangeal Joints</p> <p>61. The Intercostal Nerves</p> <p>62. The Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Ganglia</p> <p>63. The Splanchnic Nerves</p> <p>64. The Celiac Plexus</p> <p>65. The Lumbar Sympathetic Nerves and Ganglia</p> <p>66. The Lumbar Plexus</p> <p>67. The Sciatic Nerve</p> <p>68. The Femoral Nerve</p> <p>69. The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve</p> <p>70. The Ilioinguinal Nerve</p> <p>71. The Iliohypogastric Nerve</p> <p>72. The Genitofemoral Nerve</p> <p>73. The Obturator Nerve</p> <p>74. The Hypogastric Plexus and Nerves</p> <p>75. The Ganglion of Impar</p> <p>76. The Tibial Nerve</p> <p>77. The Common Peroneal Nerve</p> <p>78. Functional Anatomy of the Hip</p> <p>79. The Ischial Bursa</p> <p>80. The Gluteal Bursa</p> <p>81. The Trochanteric Bursa</p> <p>82. Functional Anatomy of the Sacroiliac Joint</p> <p>83. Functional Anatomy of the Knee</p> <p>84. The Suprapatellar Bursa</p> <p>85. The Prepatellar Bursa</p> <p>86. The Superficial Infrapatellar Bursa</p> <p>87. The Deep Infrapatellar Bursa</p> <p>88. The Pes Anserine Bursa</p> <p>89. The Iliotibial Band Bursa</p> <p>90. Functional Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot</p> <p>91. The Deltoid Ligament</p> <p>92. The Anterior Talofibular Ligament</p> <p>93. The Anterior Tarsal Tunnel</p> <p>94. The Posterior Tarsal Tunnel</p> <p>95. The Achilles Tendon</p> <p>96. The Achilles Bursa</p> <p>SECTION 2: NEUROANATOMY</p> <p>97. The Spinal Cord—Gross Anatomy</p> <p>98. The Spinal Cord—Gross-Sectional Anatomy</p> <p>99. Organization of the Spinal Cord</p> <p>100. The Spinal Nerves—Organizational and Anatomic Considerations</p> <p>101. The Spinal Reflex Arc</p> <p>102. The Posterior Column Pathway</p> <p>103. The Spinothalamic Pathway</p> <p>104. The Spinocerebellar Pathway</p> <p>105. The Pyramidal System</p> <p>106. The Extrapyramidal System</p> <p>107. The Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System</p> <p>108. The Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System</p> <p>109. The Relationship Between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems</p> <p>110. Functional Anatomy of the Nociceptors</p> <p>111. Functional Anatomy of the Thermoreceptors</p> <p>112. Functional Anatomy of the Mechanoreceptors</p> <p>113. Functional Anatomy of the Chemoreceptors</p> <p>114. Functional Anatomy of the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Dorsal Horn</p> <p>115. The Gate Control Theory</p> <p>116. The Cerebrum</p> <p>117. The Thalamus</p> <p>118. The Hypothalamus</p> <p>119. The Mesencephalon</p> <p>120. The Pons</p> <p>121. The Cerebellum</p> <p>122. The Medulla Oblongata</p> <p>SECTION 3: PAINFUL CONDITIONS</p> <p>123. Tension-Type Headache</p> <p>124. Migraine Headache</p> <p>125. Cluster Headache</p> <p>126. Pseudotumor Cerebri</p> <p>127. Analgesic Rebound Headache</p> <p>128. Trigeminal Neuralgia</p> <p>129. Temporal Arteritis</p> <p>130. Ocular Pain</p> <p>131. Otalgia</p> <p>132. Pain Involving the Nose, Sinuses, and Throat</p> <p>133. Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction</p> <p>134. Atypical Facial Pain</p> <p>135. Occipital Neuralgia</p> <p>136. Cervical Radiculopathy</p> <p>137. Cervical Strain</p> <p>138. Cervicothoracic Interspinous Bursitis</p> <p>139. Fibromyalgia of the Cervical Musculature</p> <p>140. Cervical Facet Syndrome</p> <p>141. Intercostal Neuralgia</p> <p>142. Thoracic Radiculopathy</p> <p>143. Costosternal Syndrome</p> <p>144. Manubriosternal Joint Syndrome</p> <p>145. Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture</p> <p>146. Lumbar Radiculopathy</p> <p>147. Sacroiliac Joint Pain</p> <p>148. Coccydynia</p> <p>149. Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy of the Face</p> <p>150. Post-Dural Puncture Headache</p> <p>151. Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia</p> <p>152. Spasmodic Torticollis</p> <p>153. Brachial Plexopathy</p> <p>154. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</p> <p>155. Pancoast’s Tumor Syndrome</p> <p>156. Tennis Elbow</p> <p>157. Golfer’s Elbow</p> <p>158. Radial Tunnel Syndrome</p> <p>159. Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow</p> <p>160. Anterior Interosseous Syndrome</p> <p>161. Olecranon Bursitis</p> <p>162. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</p> <p>163. Cheiralgia Paresthetica</p> <p>164. de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis</p> <p>165. Dupuytren’s Contracture</p> <p>166. Diabetic Truncal Neuropathy</p> <p>167. Tietze’s Syndrome</p> <p>168. Post-Thoracotomy Pain Syndrome</p> <p>169. Postmastectomy Pain</p> <p>170. Acute Herpes Zoster of the Thoracic Dermatomes</p> <p>171. Postherpetic Neuralgia</p> <p>172. Epidural Abscess</p> <p>173. Spondylolisthesis</p> <p>174. Ankylosing Spondylitis</p> <p>175. Acute Pancreatitis</p> <p>176. Chronic Pancreatitis</p> <p>177. Ilioinguinal Neuralgia</p> <p>178. Iliohypogastric Neuralgia</p> <p>179. Genitofemoral Neuralgia</p> <p>180. Meralgia Paresthetica</p> <p>181. Spinal Stenosis</p> <p>182. Arachnoiditis</p> <p>183. Orchialgia</p> <p>184. Vulvodynia</p> <p>185. Proctalgia Fugax</p> <p>186. Osteitis Pubis</p> <p>187. Piriformis Syndrome</p> <p>188. Arthritis Pain of the Hip</p> <p>189. Femoral Neuropathy</p> <p>190. Phantom Limb Pain</p> <p>191. Trochanteric Bursitis</p> <p>192. Arthritis Pain of the Knee</p> <p>193. Baker’s Cyst of the Knee</p> <p>194. Bursitis Syndromes of the Knee</p> <p>195. Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome</p> <p>196. Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome</p> <p>197. Achilles Tendinitis</p> <p>198. Metatarsalgia</p> <p>199. Plantar Fasciitis</p> <p>200. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome</p> <p>201. Rheumatoid Arthritis</p> <p>202. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus</p> <p>203. Scleroderma–Systemic Sclerosis</p> <p>204. Polymyositis</p> <p>205. Polymyalgia Rheumatica</p> <p>206. Central Pain States</p> <p>207. Conversion Disorder</p> <p>208. Munchausen Syndrome</p> <p>209. Thermal Injuries</p> <p>210. Electrical Injuries</p> <p>211. Cancer Pain</p> <p>212. Multiple Sclerosis</p> <p>213. Post-Polio Syndrome</p> <p>214. Guillain-Barre´ Syndrome</p> <p>215. Sickle Cell Disease</p> <p>216. Dependence, Tolerance, and Addiction</p> <p>217. Placebo and Nocebo</p> <p>SECTION 4: DIAGNOSTIC TESTING</p> <p>218. Radiography</p> <p>219. Nuclear Scintigraphy</p> <p>220. Computed Tomography</p> <p>221. Magnetic Resonance Imaging</p> <p>222. Discography</p> <p>223. Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies</p> <p>224. Evoked Potential Testing</p> <p>225. Pain Assessment Tools for Adults</p> <p>226. Pain Assessment Tools for Children and the Elderly</p> <p>SECTION 5: NERVE BLOCKS, THERAPEUTIC INJECTIONS, AND ADVANCED INTERVENTIONAL PAIN MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES</p> <p>227. Atlanto-occipital Block Technique</p> <p>228. Atlantoaxial Block</p> <p>229. Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block</p> <p>230. Greater and Lesser Occipital Nerve Block</p> <p>231. Gasserian Ganglion Block</p> <p>232. Trigeminal Nerve Block—Coronoid Approach</p> <p>233. Supraorbital Nerve Block</p> <p>234. Supratrochlear Nerve Block</p> <p>235. Infraorbital Nerve Block</p> <p>236. Mental Nerve Block</p> <p>237. Temporomandibular Joint Injection</p> <p>238. Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block</p> <p>239. Vagus Nerve Block</p> <p>240. Spinal Accessory Nerve Block</p> <p>241. Phrenic Nerve Block</p> <p>242. Facial Nerve Block</p> <p>243. Superficial Cervical Plexus Block</p> <p>244. Deep Cervical Plexus Block</p> <p>245. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Block</p> <p>246. Stellate Ganglion Block</p> <p>247. Radiofrequency Lesioning of the Stellate Ganglion</p> <p>248. Cervical Facet Block</p> <p>249. Radiofrequency Lesioning of the Cervical Medial Branch</p> <p>250. Cervical Epidural Block—Translaminar Approach</p> <p>251. Cervical Selective Nerve Root Block</p> <p>252. Brachial Plexus Block</p> <p>253. Suprascapular Nerve Block</p> <p>254. Radial Nerve Block at the Elbow</p> <p>255. Median Nerve Block at the Elbow</p> <p>256. Ulnar Nerve Block at the Elbow</p> <p>257. Radial Nerve Block at the Wrist</p> <p>258. Median Nerve Block at the Wrist</p> <p>259. Ulnar Nerve Block at the Wrist</p> <p>260. Metacarpal and Digital Nerve Block</p> <p>261. Intravenous Regional Anesthesia</p> <p>262. Injection Technique for Intra-articular Injection of the Shoulder</p> <p>263. Injection Technique for Subdeltoid Bursitis Pain</p> <p>264. Injection Technique for Intra-articular Injection of the Elbow</p> <p>265. Injection Technique for Tennis Elbow</p> <p>266. Injection Technique for Golfer’s Elbow</p> <p>267. Injection Technique for Olecranon Bursitis Pain</p> <p>268. Injection Technique for Cubital Bursitis Pain</p> <p>269. Technique for Intra-articular Injection of the Wrist Joint</p> <p>270. Technique for Intra-articular Injection of the Inferior Radioulnar Joint</p> <p>271. Injection Technique for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</p> <p>272. Injection Technique for Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome</p> <p>273. Technique for Intra-articular Injection of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb</p> <p>274. Intra-articular Injection of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Fingers</p> <p>275. Intra-articular Injection of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints</p> <p>276. Intra-articular Injection of the Interphalangeal Joints</p> <p>277. Thoracic Epidural Block</p> <p>278. Thoracic Paravertebral Block</p> <p>279. Thoracic Facet Block</p> <p>280. Thoracic Sympathetic Block</p> <p>281. Intercostal Nerve Block</p> <p>282. Radiofrequency Lesioning—Intercostal Nerves</p> <p>283. Interpleural Nerve Block</p> <p>284. Sternoclavicular Joint Injection</p> <p>285. Suprascapular Nerve Block</p> <p>286. Costosternal Joint Injection</p> <p>287. Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Block</p> <p>288. Injection Technique for Lumbar Myofascial Pain Syndrome</p> <p>289. Splanchnic Nerve Block</p> <p>290. Celiac Plexus Block</p> <p>291. Ilioinguinal Nerve Block</p> <p>292. Iliohypogastric Nerve Block</p> <p>293. Genitofemoral Nerve Block</p> <p>294. Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion Block</p> <p>295. Radiofrequency Lesioning—Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion</p> <p>296. Lumbar Paravertebral Block</p> <p>297. Lumbar Facet Block</p> <p>298. Lumbar Epidural Block</p> <p>299. Lumbar Subarachnoid Block</p> <p>300. Caudal Epidural Nerve Block</p> <p>301. Lysis of Epidural Adhesions: Racz Technique</p> <p>302. Sacral Nerve Block</p> <p>303. Hypogastric Plexus Block</p> <p>304. Ganglion of Walther (Impar) Block</p> <p>305. Pudendal Nerve Block</p> <p>306. Sacroiliac Joint Injection</p> <p>307. Intra-articular Injection of the Hip Joint</p> <p>308. Injection Technique for Ischial Bursitis</p> <p>309. Injection Technique for Gluteal Bursitis</p> <p>310. Injection Technique for Psoas Bursitis</p> <p>311. Injection Technique for Iliopectineal Bursitis</p> <p>312. Injection Technique for Trochanteric Bursitis</p> <p>313. Injection Technique for Meralgia Paresthetica</p> <p>314. Injection Technique for Piriformis Syndrome</p> <p>315. Lumbar Plexus Block</p> <p>316. Femoral Nerve Block</p> <p>317. Obturator Nerve Block</p> <p>318. Sciatic Nerve Block</p> <p>319. Tibial Nerve Block at the Knee</p> <p>320. Tibial Nerve Block at the Ankle</p> <p>321. Saphenous Nerve Block at the Knee</p> <p>322. Common Peroneal Nerve Block at the Knee</p> <p>323. Deep Peroneal Nerve Block at the Ankle</p> <p>324. Superficial Peroneal Nerve Block at the Ankle</p> <p>325. Sural Nerve Block at the Ankle</p> <p>326. Metatarsal and Digital Nerve Block at the Ankle</p> <p>327. Intra-articular Injection of the Knee</p> <p>328. Injection Technique for Suprapatellar Bursitis</p> <p>329. Prepatellar Bursitis</p> <p>330. Injection Technique for Superficial Infrapatellar Bursitis</p> <p>331. Injection Technique for Deep Infrapatellar Bursitis</p> <p>332. Intra-articular Injection of the Ankle Joint</p> <p>333. Intra-articular Injection of the Toe Joints</p> <p>334. Lumbar Subarachnoid Neurolytic Block</p> <p>335. Lumbar Discography</p> <p>336. Vertebroplasty</p> <p>337. Spinal Cord Stimulation</p> <p>338. Totally Implantable Infusion Pumps</p> <p>SECTION 6: PHYSICAL AND BEHAVIORAL MODALITIES</p> <p>339. The Physiologic Effects of Therapeutic Heat</p> <p>340. Therapeutic Cold</p> <p>341. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation</p> <p>342. Acupuncture</p> <p>343. Biofeedback</p> <p>SECTION 7: PHARMACOLOGY </p> <p>344. Local Anesthetics</p> <p>345. Chemical Neurolytic Agents</p> <p>346. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the COX-2 Inhibitors</p> <p>347. Opioid Analgesics</p> <p>348. Antidepressants</p> <p>349. Anticonvulsants</p> <p>350. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants</p> <p>SECTION 8: SPECIAL PATIENT POPULATIONS</p> <p>351. The Parturient and Nursing Mother</p> <p>352. The Pediatric Patient with Headaches</p> <p>353. The Pediatric Patient with Pain</p> <p>354. Pain in the Older Adult</p> <p>SECTION 9: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN PAIN MANAGEMENT</p> <p>355. Informed Consent and Consent to Treatment</p> <p>356. Patient Confidentiality</p> <p>357. Prescribing Controlled Substances</p> <p>358. Prevention of Drug Diversion, Abuse, and Dependence</p> <p>Review Questions and Answers</p>