Section 1: Introduction<br>1. Introduction: How to Use This Atlas<br>2. Needle Techniques<br>3. Fluoroscopic Techniques: Anatomy and Set-Up<br>4. Ultrasound Techniques and Pearls<br>5. Optimizing Patient Safety and Positioning<br>6. Radiation Safety<br><br>Section 2: Sacral/Coccygeal<br>7A Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection--Shallow Angle Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>7B Caudal Epidural Spinal Injection--Steep Angle Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>7C Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection: Ultrasound Guidance<br>8A Ganglion Impar Injection: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>8B Ganglion Impar Injection: Ultrasound Guidance<br>9. Sacral Insufficiency Fracture Repair/Sacroplasty: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>10A Sacroiliac Intraarticular Joint Injections--Posterior Approach, Inferior Entry: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>10B Sacroiliac Intraarticular Joint Injection: Ultrasound Guidance<br>11. S1 Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection<br><br>Section 3: Lumbar/Lumbosacral<br>12. Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection--Paramedian Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>13A Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection--Supraneural, Traditional Single-Needle Technique: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>13B Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection--Supraneural, Two-Needle Technique: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>13C Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection--Infraneural: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>13D Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection--Needle Localization Diagrams<br>14. Lumbar Myelography: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>15A Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Intraarticular Joint Injection--Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>15B Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Injection--Oblique Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>15C Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Radiofrequency Neurotomy, Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>15D Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks--Midline: Ultrasound Guidance<br>15E Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Innervation--Anatomy Diagram and Lesion Zone Diagram<br>16. Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>17A Lumbar Provocation Discography/Disc Access: Standard Fluoroscopic Techniques<br>17B L5-S1 Disc Access: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br><br>Section 4: Thoracolumbar<br>18. Thoracolumbular Spinal Cord Stimulation: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>19. Vertebral Augmentation (Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty), Transpedicular Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br><br>Section 5: Thoracic<br>20. Thoracic Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection--Paramedian Approach, Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>21. Thoracic Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection--Infraneural Approach<br>22A Thoracic Zygapophysial Joint Intraarticular Injection--Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>22B Thoracic Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Injection--Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>22C Thoracic Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Radiofrequency Neurotomy--Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>22D Thoracic Zygapophysial Joint Innervation--Anatomy Diagram<br>23A Intercostal Nerve Injections: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>23B Intercostal Nerve Injection--In-Plane Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>24. Thoracic Disc Access: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br><br>Section 6: Cervical<br>25. Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection--Paramedian Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>26. Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation, Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>27. Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>28A Stellate Ganglion Injection: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>28B Stellate Ganglion Injection: Ultrasound Guidance<br>29. Cervical Discography/Disc Access<br>30A Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Intraarticular Injection--Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>30B Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Intraarticular Injection--Lateral Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>30C Cervical Zygapophysial Nerve (Medial Branch) Injection--Lateral Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>30D Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Injection--Lateral Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>30E Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Intraarticular Injection--Posterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>30F Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Radiofrequency Neurotomy and Nerve Injection--Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>30G Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Radiofrequency Neurotomy and Nerve Injection--Posterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>30H Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Innervation--Anatomy Diagram and Lesion Zone Diagrams<br>31. Atlantoaxial Joint Intraarticular Injection: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>32. Atlantooccipital Joint Intraarticular Injection: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>33. Greater Occipital Nerve Steroid Injection–In Plane Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br><br>Section 7: Additional Image-Guided Procedures for the Spine Care and Pain Specialist: Spine Pain Mimickers <br>Shoulder Region <br>34A Shoulder/Glenohumeral Joint Intraarticular Injection--Anterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>34B Intraarticular Shoulder/Glenohumeral Joint Injection--Posterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>34C Shoulder/Subacromial/Subdeltoid Injection--Lateral Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>34D Shoulder/Acromioclavicular Joint Injection--Posterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>34E Shoulder/Suprascapular Nerve Injection--Posterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>34F Shoulder/Biceps Tendon Sheath Injection--Anterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>Hip Region <br>35A Intra-articular Hip Injection--Anterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>35B Intra-articular Hip Injection--Lateral Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>35C Intraarticular Hip Injection--Anterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance<br>35D Greater Trochanteric/Gluteus Medius Injection: Ultrasound Guidance<br>35E Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injection: Ultrasound Guidance<br>36A Iliac Crest Biopsy/Aspiration: Fluoroscopic Guidance<br>36B Iliac Crest Biopsy: Ultrasound Guidance<br><br>Appendix<br>Spine Intervention References and Tables