Preface; L.Castellucci A. Markandya PART I: GENERAL ISSUES Environmental Taxation: What Have We Learned in the Last Thirty Years? A.Markandya Market-Based Instruments in CEE Countries: Much Ado About Nothing; M. Scasny V. Maca PART II: DISTRIBUTIONAL ISSUES Environmental Fiscal Reform in East and Southern Africa and its Effects on Income Distribution; D. Slunge T. Sterner Environmental Quality and Income Inequality: The Impact of Redistribution on Direct Household Emissions in Italy; L. Castellucci , A. d'Amato M. Zoli PART III: CARBON TAXATION Carbon Pricing as an Effective Instrument of Climate Policy: Searching for an Optimal Policy Instrument; A. Ansuategi I. Galarraga Green Taxes on Aviation: The Case of Italy. The Proposal of the Green Taxation Matrix; A. Markandya E. C. Ricci Is it Time for a Revival of ETR in Italy? Energy Elasticities and Factor Substitutability for Manufacturing Firms; R. Bardazzi , F. Oropallo M.G. Pazienza Financing Public Expenditure via Emissions Taxation under International Emissions Trading: Is there any Scope for Emission Tax Harmonization? A. d'Amato A. Spisto