General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

<p><strong>1. Chemistry Basics - Matter and Measurement<br></strong>1.1 Classifying Matter: Pure Substance or Mixture<br>1.2 Elements, Compounds, and Periodic Table<br>1.3 How matter Changes<br>1.4 Math Counts<br>1.5 Matter: The "Stuff" of Chemistry<br>1.6 Measuring Matter</p> <p><strong>2. Atoms and Radioactivity<br></strong>2.1 Atoms and Their Components<br>2.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number<br>2.3 Isotopes and Atomic Mass<br>2.4 Radioactivity and Radioisotopes<br>2.5 Nuclear Equations and Radioactive Decay<br>2.6 Radiation Units and Half-Lives<br>2.7 Medical Applications for Radioisotopes</p> <p><strong>3. Compounds - How Elements Combine<br></strong>3.1 Electron Arrangements and the Octet Rule<br>3.2 In Search of an Octet, Part 1: Ion Formation<br>3.3 Ionic Compounds- Electron Give and Take<br>3.4 In Search of an Octet, Part 2: Covalent Bond Formation<br>3.5 The Mole: Counting Atoms and Compounds<br>3.6 Getting Covalent Compounds into Shape<br>3.7 Electronegativity and Molecular Polarity</p> <p><strong>4. Introduction to Organic Compounds<br></strong>4.1 Representing the Structures of Organic Compounds<br>4.2 Alkanes: The Simplest Organic Compounds<br>4.3 Families of Organic Compounds- Functional Groups<br>4.4 Nomenclature of Simple Alkanes<br>4.5 Isomerism in Organic Compounds</p> <p><strong>5. Chemical Reactions<br></strong>5.1 Thermodynamics<br>5.2 Chemical Reactions: Kinetics<br>5.3 Overview of Chemical Reactions<br>5.4 Oxidation and Reduction<br>5.5 Organic Reactions: Condensation and Hydrolysis<br>5.6 Organic Addition Reactions to Alkenes</p> <p><strong>6. Carbohydrates - Life's Sweet Molecules<br></strong>6.1 Classes of Carbohydrates<br>6.2 Function Groups in Monosaccharides<br>6.3 Stereochemistry in Monosaccharides<br>6.4 Reactions of Monosaccharides<br>6.5 Disaccharides<br>6.6 Polysaccharides<br>6.7 Carbohydrates and Blood</p> <p><strong>7. States of Matter and Their Attractive Forces: Gas Laws, Solubility, and Applications to the Cell Membrane<br></strong>7.1 Gases and Gas Laws<br>7.2 Liquids and Solids: Predicting Properties Through Attractive Forces<br>7.3 Attractive Forces and Solubility<br>7.4 Dietary Lipids<br>7.5 Attractive Forces and the Cell Membrane</p> <p><strong>8. Solution Chemistry - Sugar and Water Do Mix<br></strong>8.1 Solutions Are Mixtures<br>8.2 Formation of Solutions<br>8.3 Chemical Equations for Solution Formation<br>8.4 Concentration<br>8.5 Dilution<br>8.6 Osmosis and Diffusion<br>8.7 Transport Across</p> <p><strong>9. Acids, Bases, and Buffers in the Body<br></strong>9.1 Acids and Bases- Definitions<br>9.2 Strong Acids and Bases<br>9.3 Chemical Equilibrium<br>9.4 Weak Acids and Bases<br>9.5 pH and the pH Scale<br>9.6 pKa<br>9.7 The Relationship Between pH, pKa, Drug Solubility, and Diffusion<br>9.8 Buffers and Blood- The Bicarbonate Buffer System</p> <p><strong>10. Proteins - Workers of the Cell<br></strong>10.1 Amino Acids- The Building Blocks<br>10.2 Protein Formation<br>10.3 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins<br>10.4 Denaturation of Proteins<br>10.5 Protein Functions<br>10.6 Enzymes - Life's Catalysts<br>10.7 Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity</p> <p><strong>11. Nucleic Acids - Big Molecules with a Big Role<br></strong>11.1 Components of Nucleic Acids<br>11.2 Nucleic Acid Formation<br>11.3 DNA<br>11.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis<br>11.5 Putting It Together: The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis<br>11.6 Genetic Mutations<br>11.7 Viruses<br>11.8 Recombinant DNA Technology</p> <p><strong>12. Food as Fuel - An Overview of Metabolism<br></strong>12.1 How Metabolism Works<br>12.2 Metabolically Relevant Nucleotides<br>12.3 Digestion - From Food Molecules to Hydrolysis Products<br>12.4 Glycolysis - From Hydrolysis Production to Common Metabolites<br>12.5 The Citric Acid Cycle - Central Processing<br>12.6 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation<br>12.7 ATP Production<br>12.8 Other Fuel Choices</p>