<p><strong>1. INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATING<br></strong>1 - 1 General Introduction<br>1 - 2 Estimating Methods<br> Detailed Estimate<br> Assembly Estimating<br> Square-Foot Estimates<br> Parametric Estimates<br> Model Estimating<br> Project Comparison Estimates<br>1 - 3 Estimating Opportunities<br>1 - 4 The Estimator<br>1 - 5 Quantity Surveying<br>1 - 6 Types of Bids<br>1 - 7 Contract Documents<br>1 - 8 Bidding Information<br>1 - 9 Availability of Contract Documents<br>1 - 10 Sources of Estimating Information<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>2. CONTRACTS, BONDS, AND INSURANCE<br></strong>2 - 1 The Contract System<br>2 - 2 Types of Agreements<br> Lump-Sum Agreement (Stipulated Sum, Fixed Price)<br> Unit-Price Agreement<br> Cost-Plus-Fee Agreement<br>2 - 3 Agreement Provisions<br>2 - 4 Bonds<br> Bid Bond<br> Performance Bond<br> Payment Bond<br>2 - 5 Obtaining Bonds<br>2 - 6 Insurance<br>Web Resource<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>3. PROJECT MANUAL<br></strong>3 - 1 Introduction<br>3 - 2 Construction Specifications Institute<br>3 - 3 Invitation to Bid (Advertisement for Bids)<br>3 - 4 Instructions to Bidders (Information for Bidders)<br>3 - 5 Bid Form<br>3 - 6 Form of Owner - Contractor Agreement<br>3 - 7 General Conditions<br>3 - 8 Supplementary General Conditions<br>3 - 9 Specifications<br>3 - 10 Alternates<br>3 - 11 Addenda<br>3 - 12 Errors in the Specifications<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>4. THE ESTIMATE<br></strong>4 - 1 Roll of Estimating<br>4 - 2 Organization<br>4 - 3 Notebook<br>4 - 4 To Bid or Not to Bid<br>4 - 5 Planning the Estimate<br>4 - 6 Site Investigation<br>4 - 7 Quantity Takeoff<br>4 - 8 Materials<br>4 - 9 Labor<br>4 - 10 Equipment<br>4 - 11 Specialty Contractors<br>4 - 12 Overhead and Contingencies<br>4 - 13 Profit and Home Office Costs<br>4 - 14 Workup Sheets<br>4 - 15 Summary Sheet<br>4 - 16 Errors and Omissions<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>5. COMPUTERS IN ESTIMATING<br></strong>5 - 1 Overview<br>5 - 2 Benefits and Dangers of Computerized Estimating<br>5 - 3 Spreadsheets<br>5 - 4 Specialized Estimating Software<br>5 - 5 Takeoff Software<br>5 - 6 Building Information Modeling<br> Model Creation<br> Limitations and Potential Problems<br> Uses in Estimating<br> Potential Effects of BIM on Estimating<br> Extracting Quantities from Revit<br> Exporting Quantities to Excel<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>6. OVERHEAD AND CONTINGENCIES<br></strong>6 - 1 Overhead<br>6 - 2 Home Office Overhead<br>6 - 3 Job Overhead (General Conditions, Direct Overhead)<br>6 - 4 Scheduling<br>6 - 5 Contingencies<br>6 - 6 Checklist<br> Undistributed Labor<br> Temporary Buildings, Enclosures, and Facilities<br> Temporary Office<br> Barricades and Signal Lights<br> Temporary Utilities<br> Repairs and Protection<br> Relocating Utilities<br> Cleaning<br> Permits<br> Professional Services<br> Labor Burdens and Taxes<br> Bonds and Insurance<br> Miscellaneous Equipment and Services<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><strong><br>7. LABOR<br></strong>7 - 1 Labor Hours and Productivity<br>7 - 2 Fair Labor Standards Act<br>7 - 3 Davis-Bacon Act<br>7 - 4 Unions-Wages and Rules<br>7 - 5 Open Shop<br>7 - 6 Labor Burden<br>7 - 7 Pricing Labor<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><strong><br>8. EQUIPMENT<br></strong>8 - 1 General<br>8 - 2 Equipment Productivity<br>8 - 3 Operating Costs<br>8 - 4 Ownership Costs<br>8 - 5 Leasing Costs<br>8 - 6 Rental Costs<br>8 - 7 Miscellaneous Tools<br>8 - 8 Cost Accounting<br>8 - 9 Mobilization<br>8 - 10 Checklist<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>9. SPECIALTY CONTRACTORS<br></strong>9 - 1 Specialty Contractors<br>9 - 2 Request for Quote<br>9 - 3 Writing a Scope of Work<br>9 - 4 Checking Specialty Contractor Bids<br>9 - 5 Selecting Specialty Contractors<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>10. EXCAVATION<br></strong>10 - 1 General<br>10 - 2 Specifications<br>10 - 3 Soil<br>10 - 4 Calculating Excavation<br>10 - 5 Equipment<br>10 - 6 Earthwork-New Site Grades and Rough Grading<br> Cross-Section Method<br> Average End Area<br>10 - 7 Perimeter and Area<br>10 - 8 Topsoil Removal<br>10 - 9 General Excavation<br>10 - 10 Special Excavation<br>10 - 11 Backfilling<br>10 - 12 Excess and Borrow<br>10 - 13 Spreading Topsoil, Finish Grade<br>10 - 14 Landscaping<br>10 - 15 Pumping (Dewatering)<br>10 - 16 Rock Excavation<br>10 - 17 Subcontractors<br>10 - 18 Excavation Checklist<br>10 - 19 Piles<br>10 - 20 Pile Checklist<br>10 - 21 Asphalt Paving<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>11. CONCRETE<br></strong>11 - 1 Concrete Work<br>11 - 2 Estimating Concrete<br>11 - 3 Reinforcing<br>11 - 4 Vapor Retarder<br>11 - 5 Accessories<br>11 - 6 Concrete Finishing<br>11 - 7 Curing<br>11 - 8 Transporting Concrete<br>11 - 9 Forms<br>11 - 10 Form Liners<br>11 - 11 Checklist<br>11 - 12 Precast Concrete<br>11 - 13 Specifications<br>11 - 14 Estimating<br>11 - 15 Precast Tees<br>11 - 16 Precast Slabs<br>11 - 17 Precast Beams and Columns<br>11 - 18 Miscellaneous Precast<br>11 - 19 Precast Costs<br>11 - 20 Precast Checklist<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>12. MASONRY<br></strong>12 - 1 General<br>12 - 2 Specifications<br>12 - 3 Labor<br>12 - 4 Bonds (Patterns)<br>12 - 5 Concrete Masonry<br> Concrete Block<br>12 - 6 Specifications-Concrete Masonry<br>12 - 7 Estimating-Concrete Masonry<br>12 - 8 Clay Masonry<br>12 - 9 Specifications-Brick<br>12 - 10 Estimating Brick<br>12 - 11 Specifications-Tile<br>12 - 12 Estimating Tile<br>12 - 13 Stone Masonry<br>12 - 14 Specifications-Stone<br>12 - 15 Estimating Stone<br>12 - 16 Mortar<br>12 - 17 Accessories<br>12 - 18 Reinforcing Bars<br>12 - 19 Cleaning<br>12 - 20 Equipment<br>12 - 21 Cold Weather<br>12 - 22 Subcontractors<br>12 - 23 Checklist<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>13. METALS<br></strong>13 - 1 General<br>13 - 2 Structural Metal<br>13 - 3 Structural Metal Framing<br>13 - 4 Metal Joists<br>13 - 5 Metal Decking<br>13 - 6 Miscellaneous Structural Metal<br>13 - 7 Metal Erection Subcontractors<br>13 - 8 Miscellaneous Metals<br>13 - 9 Metal Checklist<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>14. WOOD<br></strong>14 - 1 Frame Construction<br>14 - 2 Board Measure<br>14 - 3 Floor Framing<br>14 - 4 Wall Framing<br> Exterior Walls<br> Interior Walls<br>14 - 5 Ceiling Assembly<br>14 - 6 Roof Assembly<br>14 - 7 Trim<br>14 - 8 Labor<br>14 - 9 Wood Systems<br>14 - 10 Wood Trusses<br>14 - 11 Laminated Beams and Arches<br>14 - 12 Wood Decking<br>14 - 13 Plywood Systems<br>14 - 14 Wood Checklist<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>15. THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION<br></strong>15 - 1 Waterproofing and Dampproofing<br>15 - 2 Membrane Waterproofing<br>15 - 3 Integral Method<br>15 - 4 Painted Method<br>15 - 5 Insulation<br>15 - 6 Air and Water Barriers<br>15 - 7 Aluminum and Vinyl Siding, Soffit, and Fascia<br>15 - 8 Stucco<br>15 - 9 Roofing<br>15 - 10 Roof Areas<br>15 - 11 Asphalt Shingles<br>15 - 12 Wood Shingles<br>15 - 13 Slate Shingles<br>15 - 14 Clay and Concrete Tile<br>15 - 15 Sheets, Tile, and Shingles Formula<br>15 - 16 Metal Roofing<br>15 - 17 Roof Insulation<br>15 - 18 Built-up Roofing<br>15 - 19 Membrane Roofing<br>15 - 20 Flashing and Trim<br>15 - 21 Roofing Accessories<br>15 - 22 Labor<br>15 - 23 Equipment<br>15 - 24 Caulking<br>15 - 25 Checklist<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>16. DOORS AND WINDOWS<br></strong>16 - 1 Window and Curtain Wall Frames<br>16 - 2 Accessories<br>16 - 3 Doors<br>16 - 4 Prefitting and Machining (Premachining) Doors<br>16 - 5 Prefinishing Doors<br>16 - 6 Door Frame<br>16 - 7 Hardware<br>16 - 8 Accessories<br>16 - 9 Checklist for Doors and Frames<br>16 - 10 Glass<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>17. FINISHES<br></strong>17 - 1 Drywall and Wetwall Construction<br>17 - 2 Supporting Construction<br>17 - 3 Types of Assemblies<br>17 - 4 Drywall Types<br>17 - 5 Drywall Accessories<br>17 - 6 Estimating Drywall<br>17 - 7 Column Fireproofing<br>17 - 8 Wetwall Construction<br>17 - 9 Plaster<br>17 - 10 Lath<br>17 - 11 Accessories<br>17 - 12 Suspended Ceilings<br>17 - 13 Flooring<br>17 - 14 Wood Flooring<br>17 - 15 Laminate Flooring<br>17 - 16 Resilient Flooring<br>17 - 17 Carpeting<br>17 - 18 Tile<br>17 - 19 Wood Panels<br>17 - 20 Painting<br>17 - 21 Finishes Checklist<br>Web Resources<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>18. ELECTRICAL<br></strong>18 - 1 Electrical Work<br>18 - 2 Single Contracts<br>18 - 3 Separate Contracts<br>18 - 4 Coordination Requirements<br>18 - 5 Electrical Estimates<br>18 - 6 Electrical Estimates Using Assemblies<br>18 - 7 Detailed Electrical Estimates<br>18 - 8 Conduit and Wiring<br>18 - 9 Checklist<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>19. PLUMBING<br></strong>19 - 1 Plumbing Work<br>19 - 2 Single Contracts<br>19 - 3 Separate Contracts<br>19 - 4 Coordination Requirements<br>19 - 5 Plumbing Estimates<br>19 - 6 Plumbing Estimates Using Assemblies<br>19 - 7 Detailed Plumbing Estimates<br>19 - 8 Piping<br>19 - 9 Fire Sprinklers<br>19 - 10 Checklist<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>20. HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING<br></strong>20 - 1 HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning) Work<br>20 - 2 Single Contracts<br>20 - 3 Separate Contracts<br>20 - 4 Coordination Requirements<br>20 - 5 HVAC Estimates<br>20 - 6 HVAC Estimating Using Assemblies<br>20 - 7 Detailed HVAC Estimates<br>20 - 8 Checklist<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>21. PROFIT<br></strong>21 - 1 Profit<br>21 - 2 Assessing Risk<br>21 - 3 Assessing the Competition<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>22. OTHER ESTIMATING METHODS<br></strong>22 - 1 Overview<br>22 - 2 Project Comparison Method<br>22 - 3 Square-Foot Estimating<br>22 - 4 Assembly Estimating<br>Web Resource<br>Review Questions<br><br><strong>Appendices<br></strong>A. Drawings and Outline Specifications for Small Commercial Building<br>B. Drawings and Outline Specifications for Residential Building Project<br>C. Drawings and Outline Specifications for Commercial Building Project<br>D. Drawings for Billy's C-Store<br>E. Drawings and Outline Specifications for Real Estate Office<br>F. BidSim<br>G. Conversions<br>H. Sample Equipment Costs<br>I. Common Terms Used in the Building Industry<br>J. Spreadsheets</p>