<p style="margin: 0px;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><u>Brief Table of Contents<br><br></u></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">1. Toward Evidence-Based Practice </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">2. Ethical Issues in Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">3. Developing Research Problems and Research Questions </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">4. Conducting the Literature Review and Developing Research Hypotheses</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">5. Quantitative Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">6. Qualitative Research Methods </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">7. Evaluating Programs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">8. Evaluating Individual Practice Effectiveness </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">9. Sampling Issues and Options </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">10. Measurement Concepts and Issues </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">11. Methods for Acquiring Research Data </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">12. Data Collection Instruments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">13. Analyzing Data </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">14. Writing the Research Report and Disseminating Research Findings </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><u>Detailed Table of Contents </u></p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">1. Toward Evidence-Based Practice </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Historical Antecedents </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Evidence-Based Practice </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Research and Practice: More Similar Than Different </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Sources of Knowledge</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Alternative Knowledge Sources </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Faulty Knowledge Can Promote Stereotypes </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Scientific Alternative </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Categorizations of Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Types of Knowledge Derived From Scientific Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Basic and Applied Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Quantitative and Qualitative Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">The Current Climate for Social Work Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">2. Ethical Issues in Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">What Are Ethics? </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Examples of Research Participant Abuse </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Nazi and Japanese Medical Experiments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Tuskegee Public Health Studies </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Milgram Studies of Obedience to Authority</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Stanford Prison Experiment</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Laud Humphreys Studies of Homosexual Behavior</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Willowbrook Hepatitis Study</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Today’s Standards for Protection of Research Participants </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Institutional Review Boards </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Voluntary Informed Consent</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> No Unnecessary Pain and Suffering </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Anonymity/Confidentiality </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Need to Conduct the Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Contemporary Issues Related to Research “Volunteers” </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Are Research Volunteers Truly Voluntary? </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Dual-Role Relationships </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Using Deception in Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Withholding Treatment and Use of Placebos </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Availability of Experimental Interventions </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Other Ethical Obligations of Social Work Researchers </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">3. Developing Research Problems and Research Questions </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Why We Begin with Research Problems </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Identifying Potential Research Problems </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Setting Problem Priorities </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Identifying and Specifying the Research Problem </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Developing Research Questions </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Qualitative versus Quantitative Questions </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Developing Quantitative Research Questions</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Developing Qualitative Research Questions</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Qualitative versus Quantitative Research Process</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">4. Conducting the Literature Review and Developing Research Hypotheses</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">What Is a Review of Literature? </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Purposes of a Review of Literature</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Potential Sources for the Literature Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Popular Sources</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Other, More Questionable Sources</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Using Internet Searches to Locate Information Sources</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Focused Research Questions</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Research Hypotheses</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Related Definitions</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Types of Relationships between Variables</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Types of Research Hypotheses </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> When Are Research Hypotheses Appropriate? </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Wording of Research Hypotheses </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">5. Quantitative Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">What Is a Research Design? </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Categorizations of Research Designs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Cross-Sectional, Pretest-Posttest, and Longitudinal Designs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Cross-Sectional Design</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Pretest-Posttest Design</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Longitudinal Design</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Exploratory, Descriptive, and Explanatory Studies </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Exploratory Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Descriptive Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Explanatory Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Pre-Experimental, Experimental, and Quasi-Experimental Designs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Pre-experimental Designs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Experimental Designs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Quasi-Experimental Designs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Characteristics of a Good Research Design </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Internal Validity </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> External Validity </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">6. Qualitative Research Methods </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Key Characteristics of Qualitative Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Observer-Participant Role</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Qualitative Research Techniques</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Sampling Techniques</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Data Collection Techniques</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Data Analysis Techniques</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Qualitative Research Paradigms</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Case Study</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Grounded Theory</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Ethnographic Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Cross-Cultural Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Feminist Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Participatory Action Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">7. Evaluating Programs </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Systematic Reviews</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Meta-analysis</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">What is Program Evaluation?</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Use of Logic Models</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Why we Conduct Program Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Historical Background</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Types of Program Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Needs Assessments</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Formative Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Outcome Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Issues involved in Conducting Program Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Determining the Appropriate Design</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Who Conducts Program Evaluations?</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Participating in Program Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Other Ethical Issues</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">8. Evaluating Individual Practice Effectiveness </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Supervisor Feedback</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Consumer Feedback</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Goal Attainment Scaling</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Single-System Evaluation</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Differences between Group Designs and Single-System Evaluation Designs</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Terminology</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> When are Single-System Evaluations Appropriate?</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Elements of Single-System Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Single-System Evaluation Designs</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Strengths and Weaknesses of Single-System Evaluations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Ethical Issues</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">9. Sampling Issues and Options </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Terminology </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Case </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Universe, Theoretical Population, and Accessible Population </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Sampling Frame </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Sample </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Representativeness </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Size </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Sampling Error </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Sampling Bias </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Statistic and Parameter </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Random Selection </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Random Sample </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Summary of Terms </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Probability Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Simple Random Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Systematic Random Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Stratified Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Cluster Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Nonprobability Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Convenience Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Purposive Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Snowball Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Quota Sampling </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Selecting a Good Sample</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Available Resources </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Overall Design and Purpose of the Study</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Statistical Analyses to Be Used </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> The Importance of Sample Representativeness</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">10. Measurement Concepts and Issues </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">What Is Measurement in Research? </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Preparation for Measurement </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Conceptualization </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Operationalization </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Levels of Measurement </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Nominal Level </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Ordinal Level </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Interval Level </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Ratio Level </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> More on Levels of Measurement </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Criteria for Good Measurement </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Reliability </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Validity </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Sources of Measurement Error </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">11. Methods for Acquiring Research Data </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Secondary Data Analysis </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Sources </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Different Uses </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Tasks Required </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Advantages </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Limitations </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Oral Histories </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Client Logs</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Systematic Observation </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Unstructured Observation</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Structured Observation </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Surveys </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Potential for Distortion </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Identity of the Participant </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Return Rate </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Response Bias </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Interviews </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> In-Person Interviews</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Group Interviews</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Telephone Interviews</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Electronic Communications </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">12. Data Collection Instruments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Fixed-Alternative and Open-Ended Items </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Composite Indexes and Scales </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Composite Indexes </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Scales </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Using Existing Data Collection Instruments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Revising Existing Data Collection Instruments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Constructing New Data Collection Instruments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Issues in Development </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Use of Self-Administered Data Collection Instruments </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Advantages </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Supervised Administration </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">13. Analyzing Data </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">The Data in Perspective </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Preparing for Data Analysis </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Qualitative Analysis </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Quantitative Analysis </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Uses of Statistical Analyses </p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Designing Research</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Summarizing the Distribution of Variables</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Estimating the Characteristics of a Population</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Answering Research Questions and Testing Hypotheses </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Interpreting and Reporting the Results </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"><br></p> <p style="margin: 0px;">14. Writing the Research Report and Disseminating Research Findings </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Main Sections of the Research Report</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Title</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Abstract</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Introduction</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Review of the Literature</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Statement of Research Questions and Hypotheses</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Methodology</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Findings</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Discussion</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Limitations</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Recommendations for Future Research, Implications for Social Work, and Conclusions</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> References and Appendices</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Quantitative versus Qualitative Research Reports</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Referencing in a Research Report</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Role of Researcher in the Research Report</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Disseminating Research Findings</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Internal Correspondence and In-Service Training</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Professional Conferences</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Professional Journals</p> <p style="margin: 0px;"> Monographs, Dissertations, and Theses</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Summary </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Chapter Review</p> <p style="margin: 0px;">References </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Photo Credits </p> <p style="margin: 0px;">Index </p>