Child Development Worldwide

<h2>Table of Contents</h2> <p> </p> <ol> <li><strong>Child Development Worldwide: Who, How, and Why</strong> <ul> <li>1.1 A Worldwide Profile of Humanity Today</li> <li>1.2 Humans: The Cultural and Global Species</li> <li>1.3 The Field of Child Development: Emergence and Expansion</li> <li>1.4 How We Study Child Development</li> <li>1.5 Why We Study Child Development Worldwide</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Niger and the Netherlands: An Up-Close Look at the Demographic Divide</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Falling Behind? College Graduation in the United States</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Darwin’s Diary: A Case Study</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Genetics and Prenatal Development</strong> <ul> <li>2.1 Genetic Basics</li> <li>2.2 Genes and the Environment</li> <li>2.3 Genes and Individual Development</li> <li>2.4 Prenatal Development</li> <li>2.5 Prenatal Brain Development</li> <li>2.6 Prenatal Care</li> <li>2.7 Pregnancy Problems</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Pregnancy and Prenatal Care Across Cultures</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Biology, Sexism, and Educational Exclusion</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Adopted Twin Studies: The Story of Oskar and Jack</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Birth and the Newborn Child</strong> <ul> <li>3.1 The Stages of Birth</li> <li>3.2 Birth Across Times and Places</li> <li>3.3 The Neonate’s Health</li> <li>3.4 The Neonate’s Physical and Perceptual Functioning</li> <li>3.5 Caring for the Neonate: Is Breast Best?</li> <li>3.6 Social and Emotional Aspects of Care for the Neonate and Mother</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Breast-Feeding Practices Across Cultures</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Getting a Better Start in Life: Improving the First Learning Environment</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Breast-Feeding Benefits: Separating Correlation and Causation</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Physical Development and Health</strong> <ul> <li>4.1 Bodily Growth and Change</li> <li>4.2 Motor Development and Physical Functioning</li> <li>4.3 Health and Sleep</li> <li>4.4 Health and Nutrition</li> <li>4.5 Preventing Mortality: Diseases and Injuries</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Is Contemporary American Culture Setting off a Genetic Tripwire for Obesity?</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Physical Education: A Brain Tonic for Children</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Graduated Driver Licensing</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Cognition: Stages, Processes, and Social Learning</strong> <ul> <li>5.1 Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development</li> <li>5.2 Post-Piagetian Approaches to Cognitive Development</li> <li>5.3 Information-Processing Approaches</li> <li>5.4 Social Cognition</li> <li>5.5 Sociocultural Theories of Cognitive Development</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Object Permanence Across Cultures</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Bringing Theories of Cognitive Development into the Classroom</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Spontaneous Response Tasks and Theory of Mind</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Learning Languages</strong> <ul> <li>6.1 Languages in Today’s World</li> <li>6.2 Evolutionary and Biological Bases of Language</li> <li>6.3 Theories of Language Development</li> <li>6.4 First Sounds and Words</li> <li>6.5 From First Words to Cultural Competence</li> <li>6.6 Multilingualism</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Cultural Views on Speaking to Infants and Toddlers</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Early Multilingual Education Across Contexts</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Observing Everyday Storytelling</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Emotions, Self, and Identity</strong> <ul> <li>7.1 Temperament: Individual Differences in Emotion and Self-Regulation</li> <li>7.2 Emotions</li> <li>7.3 Self-Conceptualization</li> <li>7.4 Self-Esteem</li> <li>7.5 Identity</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: The Features of Emerging Adulthood</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Praise, Motivation, and Academic Achievement</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Measuring Temperament</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Gender: Biology, Socialization, and Cultural Change</strong> <ul> <li>8.1 Development of a Gendered Self</li> <li>8.2 Gender in Traditional Cultures</li> <li>8.3 Gender Comparisons in Developed Countries</li> <li>8.4 Reasons for Gender Differences: Theories and Research</li> <li>8.5 Beyond the Binary</li> <li>8.6 Globalization and the Future of Gender</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Gender Among Latinas</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Gender in the Preschool and Primary School Classroom</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Meta-Analyses of Gender Differences</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Family Relationships: Foundations and Variations</strong> <ul> <li>9.1 The First Social Relationship: Two Theories</li> <li>9.2 Attachment to Parents</li> <li>9.3 The Parent-Child Relationship</li> <li>9.4 Problems in the Parent-Child Relationship</li> <li>9.5 Siblings and Grandparents</li> <li>9.6 Changing Families</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Stranger Anxiety Across Cultures</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Enhancing Attachment in Child Welfare Institutions</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Early Child Care and Its Consequences</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Peers, Friends, and Romantic Partners</strong> <ul> <li>10.1 Social Contexts Beyond the Family: Two Theories</li> <li>10.2 Play with Peers and Friends</li> <li>10.3 Peers</li> <li>10.4 Friends</li> <li>10.5 Problem Behaviors Among Friends</li> <li>10.6 Romantic Partners</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Friendship and Play in Middle Childhood Across Cultures</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: School Intervention Programs for Rejected Children</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Shyness in China and Canada: Cultural Interpretations</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>School and Work: Developing Cultural Skills</strong> <ul> <li>11.1 Preschool</li> <li>11.2 From Primary Education to Tertiary Education</li> <li>11.3 School and Other Contexts</li> <li>11.4 Intelligence Tests and School Readiness</li> <li>11.5 Work</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Primary School Across Cultures</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: School Climate</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: Creating a Measurement</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Media: Uses, Risks, and Benefits</strong> <ul> <li>12.1 Media Prevalence</li> <li>12.2 Media and Other Contexts of Socialization</li> <li>12.3 Theories of Media Influence</li> <li>12.4 Uses of Media</li> <li>12.5 Risks of Media</li> <li>12.6 Benefits of Media</li> <li>12.7 Globalization and Media</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: “Teenagers” in Kathmandu, Nepal</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Panwapa: An International Multimedia Educational Program</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Ethiopian Children Receive Laptops</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Meaning Systems: Moral, Religious, and Civic Development</strong> <ul> <li>13.1 Moral Development: Emotions and Socialization</li> <li>13.2 Moral Development: Reasoning and Identity</li> <li>13.3 Religious and Spiritual Development</li> <li>13.4 Civic Development</li> <li>13.5 Political Conflict and Extremism</li> <li>13.6 Values in Today’s and Tomorrow’s World</li> <li>CULTURAL FOCUS: Religion in the Lives of African American Adolescents</li> <li>EDUCATION FOCUS: Schools as Civic Institutions</li> <li>RESEARCH FOCUS: Beyond Deficiency: Civic Development in Immigrant Youth</li> </ul></li> </ol> <p></p>