<p>Introduction<br>Section 1: Setting the scene: groundwater as ecosystems<br>1. Hydrodynamics and geomorphology of groundwater environments<br>2. Classifying groundwater ecosystems<br>3. Physical and biogeochemical processes of hyporheic exchange in alluvial rivers<br>4. Ecological and evolutionary jargon in subterranean biology</p> <p>Section 2: Drivers and patterns of groundwater biodiversity<br>5. Groundwater biodiversity and constraints to biological distribution<br>6. Patterns and determinants of richness and composition of the groundwater fauna<br>7. Phylogenies reveal speciation dynamics: case studies from groundwater<br>8. Dispersal and geographic range size in groundwater</p> <p>Section 3: Roles of organisms in groundwater<br>9. Microbial diversity and processes in groundwater<br>10. Groundwater food webs<br>11. Role of invertebrates in ecosystem processes and services</p> <p>Section 4: Principles of evolution in groundwater<br>12. Voices from the underground: animal models for the study of trait evolution during groundwater colonization and adaptation<br>13. Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on groundwater colonization by the amphibian Proteus anguinus<br>14. The Asellus aquaticus species complex: an invertebrate model in subterranean evolution<br>15. Developmental and genetic basis of troglomorphic traits in the teleost fish Astyanax mexicanus<br>16. Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on groundwater colonization by the amphipod crustacean Gammarus minus<br>17. Evolutionary genomics and transcriptomics in groundwater animals</p> <p>Section 5: Biological traits in groundwater<br>18. Dissolving morphological and behavioral traits of groundwater animals into a functional phenotype<br>19. Life histories in groundwater organisms<br>20. Physiological tolerance and ecotoxicological constrains of groundwater fauna</p> <p>Section 6: Section 6: Biodiversity and ecosystem management in groundwater<br>21. Global groundwater in the Anthropocene<br>22. Assessing groundwater ecosystem health, status and services<br>23. Recent concepts and approaches for conserving groundwater biodiversity<br>24. Existing framework for the conservation of groundwater biodiversity and ecosystem services</p>
