Nanostructured Metals and Alloys

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Part I: Processing bulk nanostructured metals and alloys</p> <p>Chapter 1: Producing bulk nanostructured metals and alloys by severe plastic deformation (SPD)</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 The principles of severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing</p> <p>1.3 New trends in SPD processing for effective grain refinement</p> <p>1.4 Enhanced properties achieved using SPD processing</p> <p>1.5 Innovation potential of bulk nanostructured materials</p> <p>1.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 2: Bulk nanostructured metals and alloys produced by accumulative roll-bonding</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 The principle of accumulative roll-bonding (ARB)</p> <p>2.3 Processing details</p> <p>2.4 Change in microstructures during the process</p> <p>2.5 Mechanical properties of nanostructured metals fabricated by ARB</p> <p>2.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 3: Nanocrystalline metals and alloys prepared by mechanical attrition</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Mechanical attrition</p> <p>3.3 Nanocrystalline phase formation by mechanical attrition</p> <p>3.4 Consolidation of nanocrystalline powders</p> <p>3.5 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>3.6 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 4: The processing of nanocrystalline steels by solid reaction</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 The finest grain structures in steels</p> <p>4.3 Phase transformation theory: a powerful tool for the design of advanced steels, from micro to nano</p> <p>4.4 NANOBAIN steel: a material going to extremes</p> <p>4.5 Accelerating the bainite reaction at low temperatures</p> <p>4.6 Characterizing nanocrystalline bainitic steels at the atomic scale</p> <p>4.7 The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline bainitic steels</p> <p>4.8 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>4.10 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 5: The processing of bulk nanocrystalline metals and alloys by electrodeposition</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Electrodeposition methods</p> <p>5.3 Examples of nanocrystalline metals and alloys prepared by electrodeposition</p> <p>5.4 Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline electrodeposits</p> <p>5.5 Corrosion properties of nanocrystalline electrodeposits</p> <p>5.6 Other properties of nanocrystalline electrodeposits</p> <p>5.7 Applications</p> <p>5.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 6: Bulk nanocrystalline and nanocomposite alloys produced from amorphous phase</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 The formation of bulk metallic glassy alloys</p> <p>6.3 The formation of a nanostructure by crystallization of the glassy phase, by deformation or directly from the melt on casting</p> <p>6.4 The formation of nano-quasicrystals</p> <p>6.5 The mechanical properties of nanocomposite alloys</p> <p>6.6 The magnetic properties of nanocomposite alloys</p> <p>6.7 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 7: Severe plastic deformation and the production of nanostructured alloys by machining</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 The mechanics of severe plastic deformation (SPD) in machining</p> <p>7.3 A study of microstructure refinement</p> <p>7.4 Bulk forms with ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure</p> <p>7.5 Nanostructured particulate</p> <p>7.6 Surface nanostructuring</p> <p>7.7 Conclusions</p> <p>7.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Part II: Microstructure</p> <p>Chapter 8: Deformation structures including twins in nanograined pure metals</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Classical defect structures in nanograined metals</p> <p>8.3 Classical defect structures absent in nanograined metals</p> <p>8.4 Novel defect structures in nanograined metals</p> <p>8.5 The effect of initial microstructure on deformation structures</p> <p>8.6 Future trends</p> <p>8.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 9: Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanostructured low-carbon steel prepared by equal-channel angular pressing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 The microstructural evolution of low-carbon steel (LCS)</p> <p>9.3 The mechanical response of a nanostructured LCS alloy</p> <p>9.4 Enhanced tensile properties by grain refinement and microstructural modification</p> <p>9.5 Continuous shear drawing: a new processing method</p> <p>9.6 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 10: Characteristic structures and properties of nanostructured metals prepared by plastic deformation</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Characteristic microstructures</p> <p>10.3 Hardening by annealing and softening by deformation</p> <p>10.4 Optimisation of microstructure and mechanical properties</p> <p>10.5 Conclusions</p> <p>10.6 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Part III: Mechanical properties</p> <p>Chapter 11: Strengthening mechanisms in nanocrystalline metals</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 The deformation of polycrystals; the Hall–Petch model for strengthening; typical strength and hardness data</p> <p>11.3 Hall–Petch breakdown; a fine grain size limit to models</p> <p>11.4 Hall–Petch breakdown: the importance of defective materials</p> <p>11.5 Alternative deformation mechanisms at very fine grain sizes</p> <p>11.6 Strengthening caused by second-phase particles</p> <p>11.7 Strengthening caused by other factors: solute, order, twin boundaries</p> <p>11.8 Strengthening mechanisms in materials with ultrafine microstructure prepared by severe plastic deformation</p> <p>11.9 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 12: Elastic and plastic deformation in nanocrystalline metals</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Elastic strains in nanocrystalline metals</p> <p>12.3 Plastic deformation in nanocrystalline metals</p> <p>12.4 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>12.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>12.6 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 13: The mechanical properties of multi-scale metallic materials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Mechanical properties of multi-scale metallic materials</p> <p>13.3 Deformation and fracture mechanisms of multi-scale metallic materials</p> <p>13.4 Future trends</p> <p>13.5 Conclusions</p> <p>13.6 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 14: Enhanced ductility and its mechanisms in nanocrystalline metallic materials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 General aspects concerning the tensile ductility of materials</p> <p>14.3 Plastic flow mechanisms in coarse-grained metallic polycrystals, ultrafine-grained metals and nanocrystalline metals with intermediate grains</p> <p>14.4 Plastic flow mechanisms in nanocrystalline metals with the finest grains</p> <p>14.5 Specific features of crack nucleation and growth processes in nanocrystalline metallic materials</p> <p>14.6 Enhanced ductility of artifact-free nanocrystalline metals with narrow grain size distributions</p> <p>14.7 Enhanced ductility of nanocrystalline metals due to twin deformation and growth twins</p> <p>14.8 Enhanced ductility of nanocrystalline metals due to strain rate hardening</p> <p>14.9 Enhanced ductility of single-phase nanocrystalline metals with bimodal structures</p> <p>14.10 Enhanced ductility of nanocrystalline metallic composites with second-phase nanoparticles, dendrite-like inclusions and carbon nanotubes</p> <p>14.11 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>14.12 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>14.13 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 15: The mechanical behavior of nanostructured metals based on molecular dynamics computer simulations</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 The structure and properties of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline (NC) metals by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation</p> <p>15.3 Deformation mechanisms in nanoscale grains</p> <p>15.4 Grain growth and microstructure evolution in NC metals</p> <p>15.5 Conclusions</p> <p>15.6 Acknowledgement</p> <p>Chapter 16: The surface deformation and mechanical behavior of nanostructured alloys</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Mechanics aspects during surface severe plastic deformation</p> <p>16.3 Changes in the microstructure and stress states induced by surface severe plastic deformation</p> <p>16.4 Tensile properties of metals with a nanocrystalline surface and hardened layer</p> <p>16.5 Fatigue resistance of metals with a nanocrystalline surface and hardened layer</p> <p>16.6 Wear resistance of metals with a nanocrystalline surface and hardened layer</p> <p>16.7 Conclusions</p> <p>16.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 17: Fatigue behaviour in nanostructured metals</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>17.1 Introduction and motivation</p> <p>17.2 General findings on the fatigue behaviour and the fatigue lives of nanostructured model materials</p> <p>17.3 Light metal alloys</p> <p>17.4 Fatigue behaviour and life of nanostructured steels</p> <p>17.5 Consequences and strategies for optimizing fatigue lives and cyclic deformation behaviour</p> <p>Chapter 18: Superplastic deformation in nanocrystalline metals and alloys</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Theoretical predictions</p> <p>18.3 Superplasticity in nanocrystalline metals and alloys</p> <p>18.4 Specific features of superplasticity in nanocrystalline materials</p> <p>18.5 Deformation mechanisms</p> <p>18.6 Conclusions</p> <p>18.7 Acknowledgments</p> <p>Chapter 19: Creep and high-temperature deformation in nanostructured metals and alloys</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>19.1 Introduction</p> <p>19.2 Temperature-dependent deformation in fine-grained pure metals</p> <p>19.3 Creep and high-temperature deformation in nanostructured alloys</p> <p>19.4 Deformation mechanisms and modeling</p> <p>19.5 Conclusions</p> <p>Part IV: Applications</p> <p>Chapter 20: Processing nanostructured metal and metal-matrix coatings by thermal and cold spraying</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>20.1 Introduction</p> <p>20.2 Nanostructured metal-base feedstock</p> <p>20.3 Thermal spray processing</p> <p>20.4 Thermal spray processing of nanostructured coatings: tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) coatings</p> <p>20.5 Thermal spray processing of nanostructured coatings: alumina-titania (n-AT) coatings</p> <p>20.6 Thermal spray processing of nanostructured coatings: titanium oxide coatings</p> <p>20.7 Thermal spray processing of nanostructured coatings: MCrAlY and NiCrAlY coatings</p> <p>20.8 The cold spray process</p> <p>20.9 Characteristics of cold spray material</p> <p>20.10 Cold-sprayed processing of WC-Co</p> <p>20.11 Cold-sprayed processing of non-cryogenically milled n-WERKZ AA5083</p> <p>20.12 Future trends</p> <p>20.13 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>20.14 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 21: Nanocoatings for commercial and industrial applications</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>21.1 Introduction</p> <p>21.2 Overview of nanostructured metals and alloys</p> <p>21.3 Commercialization of nanostructured materials</p> <p>21.4 Current and emerging applications</p> <p>21.5 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 22: Applying nanostructured steel sheets to automotive body structures</p> <p>Chapter 23: Production processes for nanostructured wires, bars and strips</p> <p>Chapter 24: Nanostructured plain carbon-manganese (C-Mn) steel sheets prepared by ultra-fast cooling and short interval multi-pass hot rolling</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>24.1 Introduction</p> <p>24.2 The concept of ultra-fast direct cooling and short interval multi-pass hot rolling (UDCSMR) and an experimental hot rolling mill</p> <p>24.3 Nanostructured carbon-manganese (C-Mn) steel sheets produced by UDCSMR</p> <p>24.4 Grain refinement mechanisms</p> <p>24.5 Deformation characteristics</p> <p>24.6 Welding and application to some prototype parts</p> <p>24.7 Conclusions</p> <p>Index</p>