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Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change
Specificaties
Gebonden, blz. | Engels
Springer Nature Singapore | e druk, 2023
ISBN13: 9789811527593
Rubricering
Springer Nature Singapore e druk, 2023 9789811527593
960,99
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Samenvatting

This handbook covers the air quality/air pollution from the viewpoints of causing impacts on human/ecosystem health and climate change. Traditionally, air pollution has been a concern mainly in terms of its impacts on human health, and it is still an immediate public and governmental concern in most Asian countries. However, in recent years so-called extreme weather events, such as stronger tropical cyclones, flooding, drought, and other phenomena, have been manifested causing tremendous losses of human lives and properties. Importantly, climate models tell us that such extreme weather events are actually induced by anthropogenic global warming. It has been pointed out that mitigation or alleviation of such climate change leading to the extreme weather events in the next 30 years can be possible only by reducing air pollutants with positive radiative forcing such as ozone or methane, which are called short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Here, concerns about mitigation of air pollutants from the points of human health and climate change have merged.  

This book covers different kinds of air pollutants and radiative forcers and how they can be measured. It also mentions the situation of air pollutants in different continents and their regional impacts to human health, environment and economy as well as their link to extreme weather events. The book presents how the air pollution and climate change can be mitigated and how clean air technologies and international initiatives for co-controlling air pollution and climate change have been developed.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9789811527593
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:gebonden
Uitgever:Springer Nature Singapore

Inhoudsopgave

Part I Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers (Jun’ichi Kurokawa)<p></p>

<p>I-1 Emissions </p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Air pollutants (NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, CO, VOCs, PAH, BC, OC)] </p>

<p>&nbsp;[Radiative Forcers (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFC)]</p>

<p>&nbsp;[Natural emissions (biomass burning, volcanos, natural vegetation, wet lands)]</p>

<p>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Historical Global Emissions of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers </p>

<p>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Recent trends of Emissions of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers by Continent and Country</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>I-2 Instrumentation for Measurement of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers</p>

<p>3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants (O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, VOC, PAH)</p>

<p>4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Measurement of Gaseous Radiative Forcers (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFC)</p>

<p>5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Measurement of Aerosols (Ions, OC, BC, inorganic elements)</p>

<p>6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Measurement of Chemical Species of Organic Aerosols (POA, SOA)</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Part II Air Pollution and its Impacts (Hiroshi Tanimoto)</p>

<p>II-1 Present Status of Air Quality and Air Pollution in a Global Perspective </p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; [Air Pollution by PM<sub>2.5,</sub> O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and SO<sub>2</sub>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> focusing on Europe, North America and Asia]</p>

<p>7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Regional and Local Air Pollution in Europe</p>

<p>8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Regional and Local Air Pollution in North America</p>

<p>9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Regional and Local Air Pollution in Asia </p>

<p>10. Regional and Local Air Pollution in Southern Hemisphere (Oceania, Latin America, Africa)&nbsp; </p>

<p>11. Air Pollution in Arctic and Cryosphere &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>II-2 Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health</p>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Respiratory, Cardiovascular Deseases and Carcinogenesis: Premature Deaths and Economic Loss] <p>12. Ozone/oxidants</p>

<p>13. Particulate Matter/PM<sub>2.5</sub></p>

<p>14. PAH</p>

<p>15. SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>II-3 Impacts on Forest Trees and Agricultural Crops</p>

<p>16. Adverse Effects of Ozone for Forest Trees </p>

<p>17. Adverse Effects of Ozone for Agricultural Crops</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>II-4 Acidification and Eutrophication of Lakes, Rivers and Ecosystem</p>

<p>18. Historical Evidence of Aquatic Acidification in Europe and North America</p>

<p>19. Eutrophication of Aquatic system and Forest and Their Adverse Effects</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Part III Air Quality and Climate Change (Toshihiko Takemura)</p>

<p>III-1 Recent Extreme Weather Events </p>

<p>[Human Loss and Economical Damages]&nbsp;&nbsp; </p>

20.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Intensified Tropical Cyclones, and Typhoons in Asia<p></p>

<p>21.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Intensified Hurricanes in North America and Caribbean Countries</p>

<p>22.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Flooding and Draught in Asia</p>

<p>23.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Flooding and Draught in Europe</p>

<p>24.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Flooding and Draught in North America</p>

<p>25.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Anomaly Weather in Other Continents&nbsp; </p>

<p>26.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Climate change in Arctica</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

III-2 Historical Trends of Mixing Ratios and Radiative Forcing of Radiative Forcers <p></p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, BC, and PM]</p>

<p>27.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Historical Trends of Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O</p>

<p>28.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Historical Trends of Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of O<sub>3</sub>, BC, and PM&nbsp;&nbsp; </p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>III-3 What are Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) ?</p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [CH<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, HFC and BC/OC]</p>

<p>[Basic Consideration on the Importance of Co-control of SLCPs and CO<sub>2</sub>]</p>

<p>29.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Atmospheric Lifetime of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers</p>

<p>30.&nbsp;&nbsp; Relative Importance of CH<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, HFC/HCFC, and BC/OC on Radiative Forcing since Industrial Revolution</p>

<p>31.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Effect of SLCP Co-control with CO<sub>2</sub> for Future Global Warming</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

Part IV Mitigation of Air Pollution and Mid-term Climate Change (Kebin He)<p></p>

<p>IV-1 Energy Conversion and Energy Efficiency</p>

<p>[Past experiences of energy conversion to bring successful mitigation of air pollution]&nbsp; </p>

32.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Coal, Oil to Natural Gas<p></p>

<p>33.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fossil Fuel to Renewable Energy</p>

<p>34.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase in Energy Efficiencies</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>IV-2 Clean Air Technologies</p>

<p>[Updated Technologies of Reducing Emissions of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p>

<p>35.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SO<sub>2</sub> </p>

<p>36.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NO<sub>x</sub></p>

<p>37.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VOCs</p>

<p>38.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NH<sub>3</sub></p>

<p>39.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CH<sub>4</sub></p>

<p>40.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BC/OC</p>

<p>41.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HCFs and HCFCs</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

IV-3 International Initiative for Co-controlling Air Pollution and Climate Change<p></p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Policy-related issues]</p>

<p>42.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)</p>

<p>43.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other Initiatives (UN Environment and Others ?)</p>

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