Thwarted Exodus

I. A Post-War Phenomenon.- Emigration Prior to 1940.- The Second World war.- The Situation in the Netherlands Immediately after the war.- Factors Connected with the Urge to Emigrate.- The General Situation in 1948.- A Lost Generation?.- The Unsettled Emigration Climate.- II. The Government Versus Private Organizations.- Government Concern with Emigration Prior to 1940.- The Denominational Emigration Organizations Prior to 1940.- Clay and Sand: The two Poles of Agrarian Emigration.- Growing Government Interference after 1945.- Two Guiding Principles for the Granting of Subsidies.- Collision with the Social Organizations.- Compromise and Strategy.- III. Policy, Planning and Prognoses.- The Fear of Poverty.- The Fear of “Over-Population”.- Population Problems and Emigration Policy.- Industrialization and Emigration.- The Bottle-Neck of “Emigration Planning” in a Democratic System.- “Planned Migration” in the Light of Actual Developments.- IV. Organized Emigration in Practice.- Vertical Ideological Pluralism in the Netherlands.- The Organization of the Voluntary Agencies.- The Central Catholic Emigration Foundation.- The Protestant Emigration Board.- The General Emigration Board.- Emigration Procedure.- Government Policy and Group Policy.- Guidance and preparation.- Spreading policy.- After-care.- V. Socioreligious Group Characteristics.- Religious Denomination and Country of Destination.- The Roman Catholics.- The Dutch Reformed.- The Calvinists.- The remaining religious groups.- No religious denomination.- Registration Organ and Country of Destination.- Registration Organ and Religious Denomination.- Emigrant, Registration Organ and Religious Denomination.- The Roman Catholics.- The Protestants.- Roman Catholics versus Protestants.- Non-church members.- Socioreligious Structure and the Continuity of Emigration.- A social-psychological aspect.- A sociological aspect.- VI. At Group Level: Points of View and Attitudes Adopted with Reference to Emigration.- The Roman Catholics.- Attitude and task of the Church.- The direction aimed at in Roman Catholic emigration.- Roman Catholic emigration and the population problem.- The missionary aspect of Roman Catholic emigration.- The Calvinists.- Their relatively large interest in emigration.- Emigration as a vocation.- Rejection of birth control.- Mentality.- The large number of farmers.- The urge for independence.- Appreciation of authority.- Support from the Church overseas.- Dissident minority.- The missionary aspect of Calvinist emigration.- Remaining Groups.- The Dutch Reformed.- The Humanists.- VII. The Dynamics of Social Change.- Increased Prosperity and Communication.- The Integration of Parts. a New Frame of Reference.- New Conceptions Regarding the Population Problem.- Spatial planning.- Birth control.- The Netherlands and European Migration.- VIII. Adaptation of the Emigration Policy.- Increasing Isolation.- Two Specific Drawbacks.- The relative decline in agrarian emigration.- Unfavourable reports from overseas.- Australia.- Canada.- Those who Returned.- Criticism of the Emigration Policy.- The Defence.- From “Active” Policy to “Positive” Policy.- Summary and Conclusions.- Thwarted Exodus.- The problematic situation of the agrarian population.- Doubts as to the possibilities of industrialization.- The Group Character of Netherlands Emigration.- The Roman Catholics.- The Calvinists.- The Conservative Type of Migration.- Appendices.- 1. Adjoining chapter V, “Emigrant, registration organ and religious denomination.” Primary and/or sociologically relevant data.- 2. Idem. Questions directly connected with emigration.- 3. Migration to and from the Netherlands, 1900–1962.- References.