International Responsibility for Hostile Acts of Private Persons against Foreign States

I. The Individual and World Order.- The World Community and its Values.- International Law and Hostile Actions of Private Persons.- Obligation of the State.- Obligation of Private Persons.- The Individual and the Peace and Security of Mankind.- One/State and Individual Responsibility.- II. The traditional law concerning the responsibility of the state for actions of private persons.- Nature of State Responsibility.- The Notion of Implied State Complicity.- The Doctrine of Absolute or Strict Liability.- Aggression and Private Hostile Acts of Individuals.- Conclusion.- III. The Emerging Concept of Individual Liability.- Background.- Responsibility of the Authorities of the State.- Criminal Responsibility of Private Persons.- Conclusion.- Two/Some Hostile Actions of Private Persons against Foreign States.- IV. Organization of Hostile Military Expeditions.- The Traditional Law.- The Law and Practice of the United States.- The Law and Practice of Other Countries.- Measures of Prevention.- Conclusion.- V. Recruitment and Departure Of Volunteers.- Volunteers and Neutrality.- International and National Regulations.- The Chinese Intervention in Korea.- Conclusion.- VI. Revolutionary Activities and Hostile Propaganda.- The Principles of International Law.- The Principle of Neutrality.- The Law of the United States.- The Law of Great Britain.- The Principle of Security.- An Offense against the Peace and Security of Mankind.- International Regulation.- Under the United Nations Charter.- Under International Conventions.- Conclusion.- VII. Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands.- Armed Bands and International Responsibility.- Armed Bands and the Right of Self-Defense.- Armed Bands and the Right of Hot Pursuit.- Armed Bands Before the United Nations.- Conclusion.- VIII. Counterfeiting of Foreign Currency.- General Considerations.- The Law of the Various Countries.- The Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency.- Conclusion.- Three\Jurisdiction for the Punishment of Private Persons.- IX. So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community.- The So-Called Protective Theory of Jurisdiction.- The Duty of Allegiance Theory.- The British Law.- The American Law.- The Theory of Self-Defense.- International Law and Protective Jurisdiction.- Conclusion.- X. International Criminal Jurisdiction as an Alternative.- Towards an International Criminal Court.- The Draft Statute and Offences of Private Persons.- The Future of an International Criminal Jurisdiction.- Conclusion.- XI. Summary and conclusions.