One Organic Carbon in Natural Waters: Amount, Origin, and Classification.- 1 Amount of Organic Carbon in Natural Waters.- Terms for Organic Carbon.- Ground Water.- Interstitial Water of Soil.- Interstitial Water of Sediment.- Snow and Glacial Water.- Rainfall.- Seawater.- Estuarine Water.- River Water.- Lake Water.- Wetland Water.- Suggested Reading.- 2 Transport, Origin, and Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon.- Transport of Dissolved Organic Carbon.- Origin and Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon.- Suggested Reading.- 3 Functional Groups of Dissolved Organic Carbon.- Acidic Functional Groups.- Neutral Functional Groups.- Basic Functional Groups.- Summary.- Suggested Reading.- 4 Classification of Dissolved Organic Carbon.- Histogram of Dissolved Organic Carbon.- Humic Substances and Hydrophilic Acids.- Specific Dissolved Organic Compounds.- Summary.- Suggested Reading.- Two Types and Amount of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Natural Waters.- 5 Carboxylic Acids and Phenols.- Volatile Fatty Acids.- Nonvolatile Fatty Acids.- Hydroxy and Keto Acids.- Dicarboxylic Acids.- Aromatic Acids.- Phenols.- Tannins.- Suggested Reading.- 6 Amino Acids.- Ground Water.- Interstitial Water.- Seawater.- River Water.- Lake Water.- Racemization of Amino Acids.- Melanoidin Formation.- Suggested Reading.- 7 Carbohydrates.- Ground Water.- Interstitial Water.- Seawater.- River Water.- Lake Water.- Sugar Alcohols, Methylated Sugars, and Sugar Acids.- Geochemistry.- Suggested Reading.- 8 Hydrocarbons.- Volatile Hydrocarbons.- Semi-volatile Hydrocarbons.- Suggested Reading.- 9 Trace Compounds.- Aldehydes.- Sterols.- Organic Bases and Phosphorus.- Organic Sulfur Compounds.- Alcohols, Ketones, and Ethers.- Chlorophyll and Other Pigments.- Organic Contaminants.- Suggested Reading.- 10 Aquatic Humic Substances.- Early Studies of Aquatic Humus.- Overview of Isolation Procedures.- Amount of Humic Substances in Water.- Elemental Analysis.- Functional Group Analysis.- Molecular Weight.- Characterization by Spectroscopy.- Trace Components of Humic Substances.- Characterization by Chromatography.- Degradation of Aquatic Humic Substances.- Structure of Aquatic Humic Substances.- Theories of Humus Formation in Soil.- Theories of Humus Formation in Water.- Suggested Reading.- Three Organic Processes, Reactions, and Pathways in Natural Waters.- 11 Geochemical Processes.- Role of Sediment in Geochemical Processes.- Sorption and Isotherms.- Hydrophobic Sorption.- Hydrogen Bonding/Weak Ion-Exchange.- Ion Exchange.- Precipitation Processes.- Evaporation Processes.- Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.- Complexation of Metal Ions.- Trace Metal Interactions with Aquatic Humus.- Reactions of Humic Substances.- Suggested Reading.- 12 Biochemical Processes.- General Decomposition.- Microbial Transformations of Carbon.- Suggested Reading,.- References.
