The European Pentarchy and the Congress of Verona, 1822

I Genesis of the Congress: February 1821-October 1822.- Prologue The Diplomatic Background of the Congress.- 1. The Congress is called.- 2. The Eastern Question.- 3. The Hanoverian Rendezvous.- 4. The Shift from Castlereagh to Canning.- I The Road to Vienna.- 1. The Castlereagh Instructions.- 2. The Wellington Mission.- 3. The Ascendancy of Villèlè.- 4. Franco-Spanish Relations, 1820–1822.- 5. The Villèle-Wellington Interview.- II The Vienna Stalemate.- 1. The Conference Convenes.- 2. The Spanish Question.- 3. The Eastern Question.- 4. Italian Questions.- 5. A Retrospect.- II The Congress at Work: October-December 1822.- III From Vienna to Verona: Preliminaries to the Congress.- 1. Exodus.- 2. The Canning Instructions.- 3. The Villèle Instructions.- 4. Reunion in Verona: The Congress at Play.- 5. Agenda and Procedure.- IV The Spanish Question.- 1. The Montmorency Mémoire.- 2. The British Remonstrance and Allied Reaction.- 3. Dichotomy of the French Delegation.- 4. Triumph of the Franco-Russian Entente.- 5. International Finance and Intervention: The Brothers Rothschild and Ouvrard.- 6. A Retrospect.- V The Spanish Colonial Question.- 1. Genesis.- 2. Wellington’s Dissent.- 3. The Villèle-Montmorency Vendetta Revisited.- 4. The British Brief.- 5. The Anglo-Continental Impasse.- 6. The Gameiro Affair.- 7. The British Reservation.- 8. A Retrospect.- VI The Slave Trade Question.- 1. Genesis.- 2. The Impossible Quest.- 3. The Black Tide.- 4. The Six Points.- 5. The Implacable French and Diffident Allies.- 6. A Retrospect.- 7. Epilogue.- VII The Italian Congress.- 1. The Charles Albert Affair.- 2. The Evacuation of Piedmont.- 3. The Evacuation of Naples.- 4. Metternich’s Italian League (Lega ltalica).- 5. The Sardinian Waldenses.- 6. The Swiss Confederation and Piedmontese Refugees.- 7. The Knights of Malta.- 8. The Aldobrandini Appeal.- 9. A Retrospect.- VIII Great Britain and the Golden Maxim.- 1. The Austrian War Debt.- 2. The Russian Ukase.- 3. The Eastern Question.- 4. The Navigation of the Rhine.- 5. A Retrospect.- IX The Curtain Falls.- 1. The Verona Circular (December 14, 1822).- 2. Exodus.- 3. The Second Villèle-Wellington Interview.- 4. A Retrospect.- III Problems in Historiography and Interpretation.- X Wellington and the Congress.- 1. The Alleged Crime.- 2. The Prosecution.- 3. The Defense.- 4. The Verdict.- XI Chateaubriand and the Congress.- 1. The Debate.- 2. Ambition and Intrigue.- 3. The Mission.- 4. Reception at Verona.- 5. A Retrospect.- XII Chateaubriand’s War.- 1. The French Ministerial Crisis (December 1822).- 2. France Goes It Alone.- 3. Britain Adopts Neutrality.- 4. A Retrospect.- Epilogue From Congress System to Concert of Europe.- 1. The Secret Treaty of Verona.- 2. The Congress and the Alliance.- 3. Fall of the Alliance.- 4. The Legacy.