Migration and Belonging

Summary.- Methodology, Theories, Facts.- One / The Challenge of Comparative Research.- Differences in Psychiatric Conception.- Incongruity of Diagnostics.- Lack of Clarity in Semantics.- The Problem of Positive Mental Health.- Social Psychiatry and Sociopsychopathological Research.- Developing a Comparative Method of Sociopsychopathological Research.- Two / Mental Health and Migration in Previous Research.- Introductory Remarks.- Problems of Research.- Mental Health of Immigrants.- Statistics and Reliability of Research.- Mental Health of Refugees and Displaced Persons.- Incidence of Criminality among Immigrants.- Summing Up.- Selectivity in Migration.- Voluntary and Involuntary Migration.- Inner Security or Insecurity of Migrants.- Preparedness for Change.- Absorption Capacity, Adjustment of Immigrants and Group Relations.- Three / A Preliminary Working Hypothesis for a Comparative Study of Mental Health.- Introductory Remarks.- Intrinsic Factors in Comparative Research on Mental Health.- Inter- and Intrapersonal Relations.- Four / Procedure and Scope of the Research Project.- Introductory Remarks.- Procedure.- Scope.- Report.- Five / Methodology.- Introductory Remarks.- Conditions of Research.- Depth Interview.- Written Questionnaire.- Statistical Analysis of Results.- Tests of Significance.- Findings of the Research.- Six / Composition of Investigated Samples.- Introductory Remarks.- Depth Interview.- Written Questionnaire.- Comparison of the Samples.- Seven / Depth Interview I. Interrelations between General Adjustment and Mental Health.- Introductory Remarks.- Prevalence of General Adjustment and Mental Health.- Interrelations.- Psychodynamic Aspects.- Other Relations.- Case Histories.- Eight / Depth Interview II. General Adjustment, Mental Health and some Character Traits.- Introductory Remarks.- Feelings of Superiority, Equality and Inferiority.- Extraversion and Introversion.- Conscience.- Changing Convictions.- Nine / Depth Interview III. General Adjustment, Mental Health and Physical Health.- Introductory Remarks.- General Adjustment and Physical Health.- Mental Health, Psychosomatic Complaints and Physical Health.- Ten / Depth Interview IV. General Adjustment, Mental Health and Childhood Experiences.- Introductory Remarks.- Child-Parent Relationships.- Separation.- Death of a Parent.- Happiness of Parental Home and Childhood.- Education.- Socioeconomic Conditions.- Interchild Relationships.- Eleven / Depth Interview V. General Adjustment, Mental Health and Persecution before Immigration.- Introductory Remarks.- Differences between Milder Forms of Anti- Semitism and Severe Persecution in their Impact on General Adjustment and Mental Health.- Additional Mental Traumata.- Twelve / Depth Interview VI General Adjustment, Mental Health and Outlook on Life (Lebensanschauung).- Introductory Remarks.- Political Views.- Religious Convictions.- Jewish National Consciousness.- Thirteen / Depth Interview VII. General Adjustment, Mental Healthy Immigration and Resettlement.- Introductory Remarks.- Motivation for Immigration.- Level of Expectation and Experiences in Israel.- Living Place.- Climate and Work.- Sleep.- Social Contacts. Intergroup Relationships.- Occupation.- Feelings of ‘Being at Home,’ of Adjustment and of Integration.- Old and New Immigrants.- Fourteen / Written Questionnaire I. Student-Teacher and Interstudent Relationships, Differences in Adjustment.- Introductory Remarks.- Conditions in the Ulpan.- Relations between Teachers and Students.- Social Relations among the Students.- Level of Expectation.- At-Home Feeling in the Ulpan.- Differences in Adjustment.- Psychosomatic Complaints.- Psychosomatic Complaints and Complaints of Nervousness.- Complaints of Nervousness and Opinions on Cooperation between Students in the Class in Connection with the Studies.- Complaints of Nervousness and Opinions on Cooperation between Students apart from the Studies.- Cultural Background.- Fifteen / Written Questionnaire II. At-Home Feeling in the Ulpan in Relation to Other Variables. General Adjustment and Affiliation. A Temporary Community?.- Introductory Remarks.- General Adjustment and Affiliation.- Mental Health.- Character Traits.- Childhood Experiences.- Outlook on Life.- Resettlement.- Place of Abode.- Climate.- Standard of Living.- Leisure Time Activities.- Social Contacts, Prejudice.- Does the Ulpan Represent a Temporary Community?.- Sixteen / Written Questionnaire III. Relations of Psychosomatic Complaints to Other Variables, Indicative of Psychodynamics in Psychosomatic Medicine.- Introductory Remarks.- General Adjustment.- Mental Health.- Character Traits.- Physical Health.- Childhood Experiences.- Persecution before Immigration.- Resettlement.- Sleep.- Social contacts.- Occupation.- Seventeen / Homoscedastic and Heteroscedastic Relations.- Introductory Remarks.- Homoscedastic and Heteroscedastic Relations. Definitions.- Homoscedastic and Heteroscedastic Relations. Incidence.- Mental Health Relations.- Psychosomatic Complaints Relations.- General Adjustment Relations.- At-Home Feeling in the Ulpan Relations.- Summing up of Relations.- Psychodynamic Implications of Heteroscedasticity in this Study.- The Need for Belonging.- Eighteen / Immigrants’ Resettlement and Belonging.- Introductory Remarks.- Depth Interview and Written Questionnaire. A Recapitulation of Some Critical Remarks.- Outlook on Life (Weltanschauung) and Belonging.- Uprootedness and the Need for Taking Roots.- Nineteen / Personal Adjustment — A Homeostatic Psychodynamism.- Introductory Remarks.- Psychic and Physical Homeostasis.- A Homeostatic Psychodynamism.- Forms of Personal Adjustment: Active, Passive and Psychosomatic.- Twenty / Interpersonal Relations and Belonging.- Introductory Remarks.- Personality Development and Child Parent Relationship.- Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft.- Personality Development and Interpersonal Relations.- Loneliness vs. Belongingness.- Migration and Belonging — an Ubiquitous Problem of Mental Health.- Twenty-One / Amending the Working Hypothesis through Clarification of Concepts.- Introductory Remarks.- Belonging as a Precondition for Positive Mental Health.- Personal Adjustment as a Regulator of Psychic Homeostasis.- Heteroscedasticity of Relations. The Personal Adjustment Syndrome (PAS). A Model of Mental Health and Personal Adjustment.- Mental Health and Personal Adjustment: A Closed Function Circuit.- Twenty-Two / An Operational Theory of Mental Health and Adjustment.- Introductory Remarks.- Limitations and Purpose.- Formulation.- Comment.- Twenty-Three / Follow-up Investigation.- Introductory Remarks.- Set-up of the Investigation.- Compilation Procedure.- Findings of the Follow-up Investigation.- The Ulpan, Evaluation by Ex-students and Results.- Mental Health Relations.- Integration Relations.- General Adjustment Relations.- Psychosomatic Complaints Relations.- Social Contact Relations.- Affiliation Inversely Related to Active Adjustment Variables.- Conclusive Discussion. An Affirmation of the Operational Theory on Mental Health and Personal Adjustment.- Conclusions and Outlook.- Twenty-Four / Methodological Conclusions.- Introductory Remarks.- Assets.- Main Sources of Error.- Liabilities.- Applications.- Twenty-Five / Practical Conclusions. Mental Health and Social Services for Migrants.- Introductory Remarks.- Needs of Migrating Man.- Fostering Adjustment, Acculturation and Integration.- The Feeling of Belonging.- Promoting Mental Health and Personal Adjustment before Migration.- Mental Health and Social Services to Immigrants on Arrival.- Preparation of the Resident Population.- Research.- Epilogue / Standing Up to the Challenge.- References.- Appendices.- I / Depth Interview: I. Questionnaire.- II / Depth Interview: II. Explanatory List of Coding.- III / Depth Interview: III. Model of Recording Form.- IV / Depth Interview: IV. Index Form for Punching Machine.- V / Written Questionnaire.- VI / Tables 1 through 55.