A. Advances.- Progress in Pituitary Adenoma Biology. Results of Research and Clinical Applications.- 1. Traditional Concept of Pituitary Adenomas.- 1.1. Historical Background.- 1.2. Inconsistencies of the Traditional Concept.- 2. New Concepts of Pituitary Adenoma Classification.- 2.1. General Observations About Pituitary Adenoma Biology.- 2.1.1. Light Microscopy.- 2.1.2. Electron Microscopy.- 2 1 3 Immunohistology.- 2.2. Functional Terminology of Pituitary Adenomas.- 2.3. Endocrine-Active Adenomas.- 2.3.1. Somatotropic Adenomas, Acromegaly.- 2.3.2. Prolactinomas.- 2.3.3. Corticotropic Adenomas, Cushing’s Disease, Nelson’s Syndrome.- 2.3.4. Thyrotropic Adenomas.- 2.3.5. Gonadotropic Adenomas.- 2.4. Endocrine-Inactive Adenomas.- 2.4.1. Oncocytomas.- 2.4.2. Endocrine-Inactive Adenomas With Signs of Secretion.- 3. Clinical Application of the New Knowledge.- 3.1. Etiology of Pituitary Adenomas.- 3.2. Clinical Symptoms and Diagnosis of Pituitary Adenomas.- 3.3. Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas.- 3.3.1. Surgical Treatment.- 3.3.2. Radiotherapy.- 3.3.3. Medical Treatment.- 4. Summary.- References.- Chemotherapy of Brain Tumours.- Classification of Antineoplastic Drugs.- I. Drugs Depressing the Biosynthesis of DNA, RNA or Proteins.- A. Antimetabolites.- a) Folic Acid Antagonists.- b) Antipyrimidines.- c) Antipurines.- B. Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis.- II. Drugs Interfering With the Replication, Transcription and Translation of the Nucleic Acid.- A. Alkylating Agents.- B. Antibiotics.- III. Drugs Producing Metaphase Arrest.- IV. Miscellaneous Agents.- Cell Kinetics in Experimental and Human Glioma.- The Growth Fraction.- The Resting Fraction.- Chemotherapy of Experimental Brain Tumours.- Basis for Clinical Trials.- I. Measurable Parameters.- a) Survival Time.- b) Rate of Objective Remissions.- c) Duration of “Free Interval”.- II. Prognostic Factors and Stratification of Patients.- III. Drugs Combination, Schedules.- IV. Routes of Drug Administration.- a) Systemic.- b) Intraarterial.- c) Intrathecal and Intraneoplastic.- Results of Chemotherapy in Human Malignant Brain Tumour.- a) Intraarterial Chemotherapy.- b) Local Chemotherapy.- c) Systemic Chemotherapy.- Conclusion.- References.- Supratentorial Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain.- Historical Review.- Pathogenesis.- Pathological Incidence.- Pathology.- Pathophysiology.- Associated Vascular Anomalies and Other Lesions.- Age and Sex Incidence.- Location and Size.- Clinical Symptoms.- Hemorrhage.- Epilepsy.- Other Signs.- Radiological Findings.- Plain Radiographs.- Pneumoencephalography.- Angiography.- A. Pure Pial AVM.- B. Mixed Pial Dural AVM.- C. Supratentorial Pure Dural AVM.- Radioisotopic Brain Scanning.- Computerized Tomography.- Therapy.- X-Ray Therapy.- Surgical Treatment.- Indications to Surgery.- Surgical Procedures.- References.- B. Technical Standards.- The Surgical Treatment of Syringomyelia.- The Hydrodynamic Theory of Syringomyelia.- Clinical Presentation.- Radiology.- Arachnoiditis.- Air Myelography.- Surgical Technique and Findings.- Myelotomy.- Ventricular Drainage.- Results of Surgical Treatment.- Arachnoiditis.- Apparent Cure.- Conclusion.- References.- Surgical Approach to Lumbar Disc Herniations.- Indications for Operative Treatment.- Operative Technique.- Historical Remarks and Introduction.- Anaesthesia.- Positioning.- Postoperative Management.- Postoperative Complications.- The Micro-Approach for the Lumbar Disc Prolapse Operation.- The “Classical” Larger Approach: Operation of Multiple Prolapses or of a Prolapse Which Preoperatively Could not be Clearly Localized.- Pecularities in Cases With Bilateral Symptoms.- Disc Prolapse Recurrences.- Operative Procedure in Cases With Narrow Spinal Canal, Disturbances Due to Arthritic Enlarged Facets or Narrowing of an Intervertebral Foramen.- Summary.- References.- Recurrent Instability of the Cervical Spine With Neurological Implications—Treatment by Anterior Spinal Fusion.- I. The Concept of the “Intervertebral Mobile Segment”.- A Supporting Part, the Vertebral Bodies.- A Mobile Part, the Articulations.- Posterior Processes—a Part of the Segment Naturally Restraining Forward Flexion.- II. The Components of Stability of the Cervical Spine.- Internal Factors.- External Factors.- The Control of Stability.- III. Factors Producing Instability of the Cervical Spine.- Instability of Spinal Origin.- Instability of Muscular Origin.- IV. The Concept of Recurrent Instability.- Light Trauma.- Spondylosis.- Congenital Vertebral Fusion.- V. Neurological Implications of Recurrent Instability.- Trauma From Compression.- Trauma by Stretching.- Arterial Trauma.- Summary.- VI. Clinical Study.- Unilateral Cervicobrachial Pain.- Myelopathy With of Without Cervicobrachial Pain.- Cervical Pain.- Study of CSF.- VII. Radiological Findings.- Plain X-Rays.- Tomography.- Pneumomyelotomography.- Dynamic Study With Fluoroscopy.- VIII. Immobilization Test.- Collar Immobilization.- The Traction Immobilization.- IX. Treatment.- Medical Treatment.- Surgical Treatment.- a) Surgical Technique.- b) Post Operative Care.- X. Results.- Radiological Evolution.- Clinical Results.- “Recurrent Instability” and Its Future After Surgical Treatment.- References.- Author Index.
