I: Introduction.- 1. Second Generation Expert Systems: A Step Forward in Knowledge Engineering.- II: Combining Multiple Models & Reasoning Techniques.- 2. The Roles of Knowledge Representation in Problem Solving.- 3. Combining Heuristic Reasoning with Causal Reasoningin Diagnostic Problem Solving.- 4. Combining Causal Models and Case-Based Reasoning.- 5. Generate, Test and Debug: A Paradigm for Combining Associational and Causal Reasoning.- 6. The Business Analyzer: A Second Generation Approach to Financial Decision Support.- 7. QUAWDS: Diagnosis Using Different Models for Different Subtasks.- 8. Integrating Functional Models and Structural Domain Models for Diagnostic Applications.- 9. Multiple Models for Emergency Planning.- 10. Knowledge-Based Design Using the Multi-Modeling Approach.- III: Knowledge Level Approaches.- 11. Issues in Knowledge Level Modelling.- 12. Generic Tasks and Task Structures: History, Critique and New Directions.- 13. The Componential Framework and its Role in Reusability.- 14. Towards a Unification of Knowledge Modelling Approaches.- 15. On the Relationship between Knowledge-based Systems Theory and Application Programs: Leveraging Task Specific Approaches.- 16. Generic Models and their Support in Modeling Problem Solving Behavior.- 17. Building and Maintaining a Large Knowledge-Based System from a ‘Knowledge Level1 Perspective: the DIVA Experiment.- IV: Knowledge Acquisition.- 18. An Overview of Knowledge Acquisition.- 19. Knowledge Acquisition Process Support Through Generalised Directive Models.- 20. Using the System-Model-Operator Metaphor for Knowledge Acquisition.- 21. Explicit and operational models as a basis for second generation knowledge acquisition tools.- 22. ACTE: A Causal Model-Based Knowledge Acquisition Tool.- 23. Acquisition and Validation of Expert Knowledge by Using Causal Models.- V: Explanation.- 24. Explanation in Second Generation Expert Systems.- 25. Explanation Using Task Structure and Domain Functional Models.- 26. Second Generation Expert System Explanation.- VI: Architectures.- 27. Architectural Foundations for Real-Time Performance in Intelligent Agents.- 28. An Investigation of the Roles of Problem-Solving Methods in Diagnosis.- 29. Knowledge Architectures for Real Time Decision Support.- 30. MODEL-K for prototyping and strategic reasoning at the knowledge level.- 31. A Framework for Integrating Heterogeneous Learning Agents.
