Corrosion of High-Performance Ceramics

1. Introduction.- 2. Oxidation in Oxygen and Air.- 2.1 Silicon Nitride Ceramics.- 2.1.1 Thermodynamics of Si3N4 Oxidation.- 2.1.2 Composition of Oxide Layer.- 2.1.3 Effect of Phase and Chemical Composition of Ceramics.- 2.1.4 Oxidation of Porous Ceramics.- 2.1.5 Oxidation of Dense Ceramics.- 2.1.6 Peculiarities of Oxidation Kinetics.- 2.2 Silicon Carbide Ceramics.- 2.2.1 Thermodynamics of SiC Oxidation.- 2.2.2 Composition of Oxide Layer.- 2.2.3 Hot-Pressed and Sintered SiC.- 2.2.4 Self-Bonded and Recrystallized SiC.- 2.3 Aluminium Nitride Ceramics.- 2.4 Boron Carbide Ceramics.- 2.5 Boron Nitride Ceramics.- 2.6 Ceramic Matrix Composites.- 2.6.1 Nonoxide Matrix Composites.- 2.6.2 Oxide Matrix Composites.- 3. Gaseous Corrosion of Ceramics.- 3.1 Hot Corrosion.- 3.1.1 Silicon Nitride Ceramics.- 3.1.2 Silicon Carbide Ceramics.- 3.1.3 Oxide Ceramics.- 3.2 Water Vapour Corrosion.- 3.2.1 Nonoxide Ceramics.- 3.2.2 Zirconia Ceramics.- 3.3 Corrosion in Carbon Oxide Environments.- 3.4 Corrosion in Halogen- and Chalcogen-Containing Environments.- 4. Corrosion in Liquid Media.- 4.1 Corrosion in Solutions.- 4.1.1 Silicon Nitride Ceramics.- 4.1.2 Silicon Carbide Ceramics.- 4.1.3 Aluminium Nitride Ceramics.- 4.1.4 Boron Carbide Ceramics.- 4.1.5 Boron Nitride Ceramics.- 4.1.6 Oxide Ceramics.- 4.2 Molten Salt and Alkali Corrosion.- 5. Corrosion Effect on Ceramic Properties.- 5.1 Preoxidation of Ceramics.- 5.1.1 Silicon Nitride Ceramics.- 5.1.2 Silicon Carbide Ceramics.- 5.1.3 Aluminium Nitride Ceramics.- 5.1.4 Zirconia Ceramics.- 5.2 Effect of Corrosion in Different Environments.- 5.2.1 Hot Corrosion.- 5.2.2 Molten Salt Corrosion.- 5.2.3 Corrosion in Solutions.- 6. Mechanical Properties and Corrosion.- 6.1 Effect of Oxidation on Results of High-Temperature Mechanical Tests.- 6.1.1 Silicon Nitride Ceramics.- 6.1.2 Silicon Carbide Ceramics.- 6.1.3 Boron Carbide Ceramics.- 6.2 Effect of Salts on High-Temperature Strength.- 6.3 Failure of Ceramics Affected by Long-Term Mechanical Loading in Corrosive Environment.- 6.3.1 Silicon Nitride Ceramics.- 6.3.2 Silicon Carbide Ceramics.- 6.3.3 Alumina Ceramics.- 6.3.4 Zirconia Ceramics.- 6.3.5 Salt-Assisted Strength Degradation.- 6.3.6 Triboxidation.- 6.4 Lifetime Prediction in View of Environmental Effects.- 7. Corrosion Protection and Development of Corrosion-Resistant Ceramics.- 7.1 Chemical-Vapour Deposited Coatings.- 7.2 Sprayed and Sputtered Coatings.- 7.3 Impregnation and Other Methods of Protection.- 7.4 Choice of Optimum Ceramic Composition.- References.