Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology

1 Metabolic Dormancy in Aquatic Invertebrates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Phylogenetic Survey of Dormancy and Associated Environmental Cues.- 3 Metabolic Arrest During Anaerobic Dormancy.- 4 Coordinated Arrest of Development Under Anoxia.- 5 Anhydrobiosis: Dehydration-Induced Quiescence.- 6 Estivation in Gastropods.- 7 Directions for Future Study.- References.- 2 The Physiology of the Root Effect.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Characterization of the Root Effect.- 3 Root Effect and Swimbladder Function.- 4 Root Effect and Ophthalmic Oxygen Secretion.- 5 Adrenergic Effects.- References.- 3 Na+/H+ Exchanges and Red Blood Cell Functions in Fish.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Evidence for Na+/H+ Exchanges in the Erythrocytes of Hypoxic Trout.- 3 Effects of Na+/H+ Exchanges on the Acid Base Balance of the Blood.- 4 Effects of Na+/H+ Exchanges on Erythrocyte pH.- 5 Effects of Na+/H+ Exchanges on Respiratory Gas Transport.- 6 Other Physiological Situations.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 The Biology of Diving Mammals: Behavioral, Physiological, and Biochemical Limits.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Physiological and Biochemical Limits to Diving.- 3 The Field as a Natural Laboratory.- 4 Diving Efficiency.- 5 “Diving” on Land-Sleep Apnea in Seals.- 6 What is “Normal” for a Diving Mammal?.- References.