1. Instruments.- 1.1 Endoscopic Instruments.- Duodenoscopy.- Enteroscopes.- Coloscopy.- 1.2 Radiologic Equipment.- 2. Duodenoscopy.- 2.1 Historical Development.- 2.2 Indications.- 2.3 Technique, Including Patient Preparation.- 2.4 Endoscopic Orientation in the Duodenum.- 2.5 Endoscopy of the Duodenum.- 2.5.1 Peptic Lesions and Sequelae.- Duodenal Ulcer. The Significance of Endoscopic Diagnosis.- Method.- Scarring.- Erosions.- 2.5.2 Duodenitis.- 2.5.3 Duodenal Stenoses.- 2.5.4 Diverticula.- 2.5.5 Duodenal Tumors and Heterotopias.- Heterotopias.- Benign Tumors.- Malignant Tumors.- Antral Mucosa in the Afferent Loop Following Billroth II-Resection.- 2.6 Endoscopy of the Papilla of Vater (Major Papilla).- 2.6.1 Anatomy.- Endoscopic Aspects.- Minor Papilla.- The Ampulla of Vater.- 2.6.2 The Abnormal Papilla of Vater.- Stenosing Papillitis.- Concrements in the Papilla.- Prolapse of the Papilla of Vater.- Carcinoma of the Papilla of Vater.- 2.7 Retrograde Cholangiography.- Normal Cholangiogram.- 2.7.1 Bile Duct Stones.- 2.7.2 Inflammation of the Biliary Tract.- Cholecystitis.- Cholangitis.- 2.7.3 Tumors of Gallbladder and Bile Ducts.- 2.7.4 Sequelae of Operations on the Biliary Tract.- Postcholecystectomy Syndrome.- Biliary-Enteric Anastomoses.- 2.7.5 Diseases of the Liver.- Hepatic Abscess.- Hepatic Cysts.- Hepatic Tumors.- 2.8 Retrograde Pancreatography.- 2.8.1 Anatomy and Topography of the Pancreas.- Emptying of Contrast Media from the Pancreatic Ducts.- 2.8.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Pancreas.- 2.8.3 Pancreatitis.- Indications and Findings.- 2.8.4 Tumors of the Pancreas.- 2.9 Complications.- Complications During Insertion of the Instrument.- Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).- 3. Jejuno-Ileoscopy.- 3.1 Indications.- 3.2 Technique and Results.- Level of Intubation.- 3.3 Diagnostic Yield.- Crohn’s Disease.- Tumors.- Bleeding Sites.- 3.4 Complications.- 3.5 Summary.- 4. Coloscopy.- 4.1 Historical Development.- 4.2 Anatomy and Physiology.- 4.3 Indications.- 4.4 Contraindications.- 4.5 Baseline Studies.- 4.6 Patient Preparation.- 4.7 Technique of Examination.- 4.7.1 Coloscopy.- 4.7.2 “Operative“ Coloscopy.- Coloscopic Polypectomy.- Foreign Body Removal.- Injections.- Electrocoagulation.- Angiography.- 4.8 Findings.- 4.8.1 Developmental Abnormalities.- 4.8.2 Tumors of the Colon.- Benign Tumors.- Malignant Tumors.- Pseudotumors.- 4.8.3 Inflammatory Diseases.- Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis.- Crohn’s Disease of the Colon (Granulomatous Colitis).- Rare Diseases.- 4.8.4 Diverticula.- 4.8.5 Endometriosis.- 4.8.6 Melanosis coli.- 4.8.7 Megacolon.- 4.8.8 Enteric Parasites.- 4.8.9 Appendix.- 4.9 Complications.- Perforation.- Bleeding.- Gas Explosion.- 5. Illustrations.- Endoscopic Orientation in the Duodenum (Figs. 1–4).- Duodenal Peptic Lesions and Their Sequelae (Figs. 5–17).- Duodenitis (Figs. 18–20).- Diverticula (Figs. 21–23).- Tumors and Heterotopic Lesions (Figs. 24–37).- Afferent Loop Following Gastric Resection with Billroth II Anastomosis (Figs. 38–39).- Endoscopy of the Papilla of Vater (Figs. 40–65).- Retrograde Cholangiography (Figs. 66–89).- Retrograde Pancreatography (Figs. 90–130).- Total Enteroscopy (Figs. 131–136).- Enteroscopy (Figs. 137–139).- Coloscopy.- 1. Accessory Instruments (Figs. 140–149).- 2. Accessory Equipment (Figs. 150).- 3. Use of Accessory Instruments (Figs. 151–156).- 4. Anatomy (Figs. 157–158).- 5. Technique (Figs. 159–162).- 5.1 Sigmoid Colon (Figs. 163–170).- 5.2 Transverse Colon (Figs. 171–175).- 5.3 Inversion (Fig. 176).- 5.4 Ileoscopy (Figs. 177–179).- 6. Findings.- 6.1 Ileocecal (Bauhin’s) Valve (Figs. 180–181).- 6.2 Ileum (Figs. 182–184).- 6.3 Selective Coloscopic Visualization of the Appendix (Figs. 185–187).- 6.4 Findings after Appendectomy (Figs. 188–189).- 7. Inversion (Fig. 190).- 8. Operative Coloscopy.- 8.1 Mechanical Ablation (Fig. 191).- 8.2 Electrocoagulation (Fig. 192).- 8.3 High Frequency Currents (Fig. 193).- 8.4 Resection with the High Frequency Diathermy Snare (Figs. 194–198).- 8.5 Sessile Colonic Polyps (Figs. 199–202).- 8.6 Peutz-Jeghers Polyps (Fig. 203).- 8.7 Follow-up Observations after Polypectomy (Figs. 204–205).- 8.8 Foreign Body Removal (Fig. 206).- 8.9 Injections (Fig. 207).- 8.10 Electrocoagulation (Fig. 208).- 8.11 Angiography (Fig. 209).- 9. Tumors of the Colon.- 9.1 Benign Tumors (Figs. 210–218).- 9.2 Malignant Tumors (Figs. 219–226).- 9.3 Stenosis of the Sigmoid Colon (Figs. 227–231).- 9.4 Pseudotumors (Figs. 232–235).- 10. Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis (Figs. 236–247).- 11. Crohn’s Disease of Colon and Terminal Ileum (Figs. 248–261).- 12. Radiation Colitis (Fig. 262).- 13. Melanosis Coli (Fig. 263).- 14. Diverticula (Figs. 264–265).- 15. Enteric Parasites (Fig. 266).
